Next: Introduction, Previous: (dir), Up: (dir) [Contents]
This manual is for GNU Source Release Collection (version 2014.10.11, 6 January 2014).
• Introduction: | ||
• Getting started: | ||
• Advanced configuration: | ||
• Technical information: | ||
• GNU Free Documentation License: | ||
— The Detailed Node Listing — Introduction | ||
---|---|---|
• Building GNU packages: | ||
Getting started | ||
• Initial setup: | ||
• Building a simple package: | ||
• Installing a package: | ||
• Setting your environment: | ||
• Useful targets: | ||
• Complex packages: | ||
• Finding packages: | ||
Advanced configuration | ||
• Global configuration: | ||
• Package configuration: | ||
• Patching packages: | ||
• Package versions: | ||
Technical information | ||
• The GSRC build system: | ||
• Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile: | ||
Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile | ||
• Metadata variables: | ||
• Build variables: | ||
• Build recipes: | ||
• A simple example: | ||
• A complex example: | ||
Next: Getting started, Previous: Top, Up: Top [Contents]
The GNU Source Release Collection (GSRC) provides a simple way to
install the latest GNU packages on an existing distribution. By using
GSRC, the GNU source packages from ftp.gnu.org
are
automatically downloaded, compiled and installed, either in your home
directory or a system-wide directory such as /opt
.
At its core, it is a presentation of the current state of the GNU system, in the most appropriate form: buildable and installable source code. GSRC makes it easy to discover great new software from the GNU system, as well as providing other benefits over standard software distributions. It allows you, for example, to install easily GNU software for yourself on a system on which you do not have permission to install software system-wide; or to install the latest, unpatched packages when those distributed with your operating system are outdated or not configured to your liking.
GSRC is based on the GAR build system by Nick Moffitt and the GARstow enhancements by Adam Sampson. GAR was inspired by BSD Ports, a Makefile-based build system, and is written in GNU Make. The GARNOME build system for GNOME was another example of a system using GAR.
Note that GSRC is not intended to be a full package-management system or source distribution. It is just a more convenient way to compile GNU packages from source on an existing system.
Because GSRC is not a full distribution you will sometimes need to install other packages from your distribution to build and run GNU programs. For example, GSRC itself does not include Perl or Python, so you will need to make sure these are already installed for GNU programs which use them.
• Building GNU packages: |
Previous: Introduction, Up: Introduction [Contents]
If you have never built a GNU package by hand, this section will briefly show the process so you will have an idea of what GSRC is doing. If you are already familiar with this, you may skip this section.
The build process is performed via commands entered into a shell, which is generally done in a terminal or a terminal emulator. The dollar sign in the following examples represents the shell prompt, denoting the point at which you enter commands, while the characters following the prompt show the commands that you must enter. While much of the build process is conveniently automated, such that you do not need to manually compile every file, you still must take a few steps.
For example, to build the package “hello” version 2.9, you must perform the following steps in your terminal:
$ wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.9.tar.gz $ tar xvfz hello-2.9.tar.gz
$ cd hello-2.9 $ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
In some unfortunate cases, the process is not as straight-forward and
may require some extra intervention on your part. GSRC abstracts away
most of these steps so that all you need to enter to install a program
is make install
.
Next: Advanced configuration, Previous: Introduction, Up: Top [Contents]
GSRC is distributed directly using the Bazaar version control system or via a compressed archive. You can check out the latest version from the Bazaar repository using
$ bzr checkout bzr://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/gsrc/trunk/ gsrc
This will create a directory gsrc. The build definitions for GNU packages are in the gnu subdirectory. Large sub-projects, such as GNOME, have their own subdirectory containing packages (i.e. gnome). The external subdirectory contains references to dependencies which you may have to install outside of GSRC, such as via your GNU/Linux distribution’s package manager (APT, Pacman, Yum, etc.). If these dependencies are required for a given package and are not found on your system, you will be automatically notified. Finally, the decommissioned directory contains former GNU packages that have been decommissioned.
Each package has its own subdirectory within its parent directory, for
example gnu/emacs or gnome/evince. Package directories
contain a config.mk file for configuring the package and a
Makefile for building it. This Makefile will automate the
usual ./configure and make
commands needed to build a
GNU package.
To stay up-to-date with the latest releases of GNU software, you can pull in recent changes to your local copy of GSRC:
$ bzr update
Alternatively, quarter-annual “snapshots” of GSRC are made available for download at http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gsrc.
• Initial setup: | ||
• Building a simple package: | ||
• Installing a package: | ||
• Setting your environment: | ||
• Useful targets: | ||
• Complex packages: | ||
• Finding packages: |
Next: Building a simple package, Previous: Getting started, Up: Getting started [Contents]
If you have checked out the source tree from the Bazaar repository you will need to create the build files with the following command,
$ ./bootstrap
Before building any packages you will need to run the top-level configure script. There is only one configuration parameter, the installation prefix, specified with --prefix. For example, to install all the compiled packages under /gnu use:
$ ./configure --prefix=/gnu checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking for recsel... /usr/bin/recsel checking for recfmt... /usr/bin/recfmt checking that generated files are newer than configure... done configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating gsrc config.status: creating config.mk config.status: creating setup.sh config.status: creating GNUmakefile config.status: creating doc/Makefile
You can optionally install the documentation and the gsrc script (see Finding packages). Note that these are installed to the directory specified in the previous step. Be sure to set your environment to be able to use them (see Setting your environment).
$ make install
Next: Installing a package, Previous: Initial setup, Up: Getting started [Contents]
All interaction with GSRC is performed via the program Make. When you
execute Make via the make
command, you generally must provide
a target that tells Make which recipe, consisting of a
series of pre-defined commands, to execute. For example, the
build target will tell Make to execute a recipe to build the
software, while the install target will execute a recipe for
installing it. Often, a default recipe will be available that will
typically build the software, allowing you to omit the build
target.
Thus, in GSRC, to build any package, type make build
(or,
simply make
) in the package’s subdirectory. You can change to
the directory with the cd
command in the shell, or with the
-C option of make
. For example, to build the
hello package in the gnu/hello subdirectory from the root
GSRC directory use:
$ make -C gnu/hello
This will download, unpack, configure and build the hello package. The package will be built in the subdirectory gnu/hello/work.
$ ./gnu/hello/work/hello-2.9/src/hello Hello, world!
Next: Setting your environment, Previous: Building a simple package, Up: Getting started [Contents]
You are now ready to install the package. If you are installing to a new directory tree, first create the directory specified in the top-level configure --prefix option if necessary,
$ mkdir /gnu
Then to install the package use the install target,
$ make -C gnu/hello install
The package should be automatically installed under /gnu, with any executable programs under /gnu/bin/.
$ /gnu/bin/hello --version hello (GNU hello) 2.9
Next: Useful targets, Previous: Installing a package, Up: Getting started [Contents]
If you want to use the newly installed package without having to specify
its full path, you will need to modify the relevant variables in your
environment, such as PATH
, LD_LIBRARY_PATH
, INFOPATH
,
etc. These variables inform your system of the locations of relevant
files on it. For example, PATH
contains a list of all directories
that contain executable files.
There is a sample script setup.sh in the top-level GSRC directory which can be used to set the main environment variables.
$ source setup.sh
Note that you need to load this file into the current shell with the
source
command, instead of executing it (which would only apply
the definitions temporarily in a subshell).
After loading this file, your environment variables should include the target directory so you can run the new packages directly:
$ echo $PATH /gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin $ which hello /gnu/bin/hello
If you want to restore your original environment variables they are
saved in the variables ORIG_PATH
, ORIG_LD_LIBRARY_PATH
,
etc.
$ PATH=$ORIG_PATH $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORIG_LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Next: Complex packages, Previous: Setting your environment, Up: Getting started [Contents]
To clean up the build directory and delete any downloaded files, use the clean target:
$ make -C gnu/hello clean
There are other useful targets. For example, the whole build sequence can be broken down into stages as follows:
$ make -C gnu/hello fetch checksum extract configure build install
Each target depends on the previous one, so typing make -C
gnu/hello install
executes all the earlier targets first.
You can install the source code of a package (to, i.e., /gnu/src/hello-2.9) using the install-src target. Likewise, the source can be removed using the uninstall-src target.
To see some information about a package, use the target pkg-info.
$ make -C gnu/hello pkg-info make: Entering directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/hello' Name: GNU Hello Version: 2.9 URL: http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/manual/ Description: GNU Hello prints the message "Hello, world!" and then exits. It serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on. Status: installed (stowed) make: Leaving directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/hello'
The “Status” can be any of: “not installed”, “installed (not stowed)” or “installed (stowed)” (see Package versions).
To view a more concise summary, ideal for producing a list of packages in script, use the target pkg-info-curt.
$ make -C gnu/hello pkg-info-curt make: Entering directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/hello' gnu/hello 2.9 A program that produces a familiar, friendly greeting make: Leaving directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/hello'
To get a better idea of what files will be downloaded and which dependencies must be built in order to use a package, use the fetch-list target.
$ make -C gnu/hello fetch-list make: Entering directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/hello' Name: hello Version: 2.9 Location: http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/hello/ Distribution files: hello-2.9.tar.gz Patch files: Signature files: hello-2.9.tar.gz.sig Dependencies: make: Leaving directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/hello'
Most GNU packages are highly configurable. To see which configuration options are available to you, you may invoke the help-config target.
Finally, if you choose to remove a package, you may use the uninstall target. This target “un-stows” the package; if you were to re-install it, the package would not need to be re-built. Instead, it would merely be re-stowed. To completely remove a package, use the uninstall-pkg target. When you update a package to a new version, the old version is merely un-stowed and the new version is installed alongside it (see Package versions). In order to clean out old package versions, use the uninstall-pkg-old target.
Next: Finding packages, Previous: Useful targets, Up: Getting started [Contents]
If building or using a package depends on other GNU packages, these will be built automatically in the correct order. To see the dependencies of any package use the dep-list target.
$ make -C gnu/gnupg dep-list make: Entering directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/gnupg' libgpg-error libgcrypt libassuan libksba pth zlib readline make: Leaving directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/gnupg'
The dependencies are searched for in the gnu, gnustep and gnome subdirectories by default. Of course, packages might depend on software that does not belong to the GNU project. In those cases, GSRC will try to determine whether these external packages are installed on your system. If one is not present, you will have to install it separately, for example via your distribution’s software repositories.
Note that the dependencies can be more than one level deep,
$ make -C gnu/readline dep-list make: Entering directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/readline' ncurses make: Leaving directory `/home/gnu/gsrc/gnu/readline'
So, to install a complex package like gnupg use the same commands as for a simple package,
$ make -C gnu/gnupg $ make -C gnu/gnupg install
All of the dependencies (and the dependencies’ dependencies) will be built and installed first, as needed.
Previous: Complex packages, Up: Getting started [Contents]
GSRC provides build recipes for several hundred packages. So, how can
you find or discover a package relevant to your needs? Fortunately,
the build recipes are described by metadata, which can help you in
searching. For example, you can use standard GNU tools such as
grep
to search the text of the build recipes for key words.
A template script is installed, called gsrc, that provides a simple means for searching for packages via keywords, printing information about a package, and printing its location. Since gsrc is installed to the same location as executables installed by GSRC, if you have set up your environment to use GSRC packages (see Setting your environment), you can use the gsrc script to access GSRC from outside the GSRC directory.
For example, here we search for an editor, discover the program moe, read information about it, and then install it.
$ gsrc search editor gnu/denemo 1.0.0 A music notation editor gnu/ed 1.7 An implementation of the standard Unix editor gnu/emacs 24.3 The extensible, customizable text editor gnu/global 6.2.8 A source code tag system gnu/gnusound 0.7.5 A multitrack sound editor gnu/leg Libraries for game engines and game development gnu/less 451 A pager gnu/mc 4.6.1 A two-paned file manager gnu/mit-scheme 9.1.1 An implementation of the Scheme programming language gnu/moe 1.5 A simple-to-use text editor gnu/nano 2.3.2 A simple text editor gnu/sed 4.2.2 A text stream editor $ gsrc info moe Name: Moe Version: 1.5 URL: http://www.gnu.org/software/moe Description: GNU Moe is a powerful-but-simple-to-use text editor. It works in a modeless manner, and features an intuitive set of key-bindings that assign a degree of "severity" to each key; for example key combinations with the Alt key are for harmless commands like cursor movements while combinations with the Control key are for commands that will modify the text. Moe features multiple windows, unlimited undo/redo, unlimited line length, global search and replace, and more. Status: not installed $ make -C $(gsrc path moe) install
If you view the gsrc script’s code, you will find that it is very simple and, indeed, can be used as a template to be expanded to include the functionality that you desire.
More robust searching can be performed with the file
MANIFEST.rec. If you have acquired GSRC by downloading it as a
tar.gz archive, this file should be present in the package’s
root directory. If you have acquired GSRC by cloning its code
repository, you will have to generate this file. Simply navigate to
the package’s root directory and enter make manifest
; you will
want to run this every time you pull updates to the repository. The
resulting file is a recfile, which can be queried as a database
using GNU Recutils, which must be installed (see recsel in Recutils).
Next: Technical information, Previous: Getting started, Up: Top [Contents]
The default behavior of GSRC may be configured both globally and for individual packages. All configuration is done in simple Makefiles, so some familiarity with GNU Make, while not required, is recommended for more advanced changes.
• Global configuration: | ||
• Package configuration: | ||
• Patching packages: | ||
• Package versions: |
Next: Package configuration, Previous: Advanced configuration, Up: Advanced configuration [Contents]
Building a package loads the following configuration files:
Specifies the installation directory prefix. Created by the configure script from config.mk.in
Specifies general configuration variables
Defines the environment variables that are set during each build step.
Defines the list of mirror sites used to download the source tarballs. It is recommended to modify this to use local mirrors.
An optional file that you can create to load extra recipes to use on packages. This file must be created by the user (however, it is not an eroror if the file does not exist).
Much of the behavior of GSRC is defined by variables that can be customized. Generally speaking, you should override these variables in your config.mk file rather than in the gar.*.mk files. That way, you do not have to worry about updates to GSRC overwriting your changes.
Some of the more important configuration variables are:
BOOTSTRAP
If defined (the default), the environment variables
C_INCLUDE_PATH
, CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
and LDFLAGS
point to the include and lib subdirectories of the
installation directory. This forces the use of any previously
installed libraries in preference to the normal system libraries. To
disable this feature, remove the definition BOOTSTRAP=1
in
config.mk.in and rerun configure, or build with
BOOTSTRAP
undefined on the command-line:
$ make -C gnu/gnupg BOOTSTRAP=
Set in conf.mk
IGNORE_DEPS
Specifies any packages that should be skipped as dependencies (for example, if you prefer to use existing system packages instead). A space separated list. Set in gar.conf.mk.
GARCHIVEDIR
GARBALLDIR
Specifies the directories used to cache downloaded source code
archives (GARCHIVEDIR
) and the archives of the installed
packages (GARBALLDIR
). Set in gar.conf.mk.
MAKE_ARGS_PARALLEL
Set this to -j N
to allow N parallel processes in the
build. Note that multiple dependencies are built one-by-one; only the
commands within each build are performed in parallel. Set in
gar.conf.mk
USE_COLOR
It’s easy to miss the messages printed by GSRC amongst all the output of
the build process. Set this to “y” to enable colorized output of GSRC
messages, which may make them more visible. Set it to anything else to
disable color. In either case, four more variables are defined:
MSG
, MSG2
, ERR
, OK
and OFF
. The first
four define strings to insert at the beginning of a normal message
(MSG
, MSG2
), an error message (ERR
), or a message
indicating success (OK
). The OFF
code is inserted at the
end of the message. When USE_COLOR
is “y”, these variables
contain ANSI escape sequences to change properties of the text (i.e. to
set colors or text weight). Otherwise, they may contain textual
indicators, such as “==> ” to begin a message. Some sensible default
values for both cases are included. Set in gar.conf.mk.
REDIRECT_OUTPUT
A typical build process produces a lot of textual output. In some
cases, you may wish to redirect this output to somewhere other than
your screen. In this case, you may set the variable
REDIRECT_OUTPUT
to any value other than “n”. To edit where
the output will be redirected, set the OUTPUT
variable. By default, if
you set REDIRECT_OUTPUT
, standard text output will be
redirected to /dev/null, which means it is thrown away, while
errors will be printed to the screen. You can instead, for example,
redirect to log files of your choosing (see Redirections in Bash for more details on redirection). Set in gar.conf.mk
Next: Patching packages, Previous: Global configuration, Up: Advanced configuration [Contents]
Each package can be customized to your liking. Because GNU packages follow a standardized build process, customizing the GSRC build for one is straightforward.
GNU packages take most of their configuration in the form of options
passed to the configure script. One may easily customize these
options in a GSRC Makefile by setting the CONFIGURE_OPTS
variable. Any options added to this variable will be appended to the
options set by default by GSRC.
CONFIGURE_OPTS = --disable-gtk --without-png
For convenience, every package has a file called config.mk in its
directory which is imported by its build script. Typically, all user
configuration should be done here. By default, it contains the
CONFIGURE_OPTS
and BUILD_OPTS
variables. In some special
cases, package-specific, user-customize-able variables are also defined
in this file.
Generally speaking, user configuration is done exclusively in config.mk while Makefile contains the information and recipes necessary for the package to build correctly. Thus, you should not need to modify the Makefile unless you have special requirements. Note that most configuration options relating to directory locations (such as where to install, where to search for libraries, etc.) are set in the Makefile, because they are necessary for proper building and installation in GSRC. Therefore, you do not need to worry about setting them correctly in config.mk.
Next: Package versions, Previous: Package configuration, Up: Advanced configuration [Contents]
If you have a patch that you would like to apply to a package, the process can be automated by GSRC. First, in the package’s directory, make a subdirectory called files and move the patch file(s) there. Next, create two variables in the package’s Makefile:
PATCHFILES = my-patch.diff my-patch2.diff PATCHOPTS = -p0
PATCHFILES
holds a list of all the patch files in the
files subdirectory. PATCHOPTS
contains the option switches
to pass to the patch
program.
Next, the patch file’s checksum is added to the checksums file for the package.
$ make makesum
Note that if the make makesums
command fails due to GPG
verification and you trust the source from which the package or patch
was downloaded, you may instead use make makesums GPGV=true
to
skip this key verification step.
Finally, you may build the package as normal. The patch(es) will be applied automatically in the process.
$ make install
If the patching process fails and you are sure that the patch is for the
version of the package contained in GSRC, then you may have to modify
the -p option in the PATCHOPTS
variable (see patch
Options in patch).
If the package requires a patch to even build properly, then this is a bug in GSRC. Please report such build problems to bug-gsrc@gnu.org. You should also contact the maintainers of the software package to make them aware of the problem.
Previous: Patching packages, Up: Advanced configuration [Contents]
What is actually happening “under the hood” when GSRC installs a package is slightly more complicated than what has been described so far.
When you install a package, it is first actually installed to the /gnu/packages directory in a sub-directory with the name <package>-<version> (i.e. /gnu/packages/hello-2.8). In the example of the package hello, the executable hello is installed to /gnu/packages/hello-2.8/bin/hello instead of /gnu/bin/hello. All other files installed by the package are installed in a similar manner. Next, GSRC makes symbolic links to those files inside the parent /gnu directory. Thus, /gnu/bin/hello is ultimately a symlink to /gnu/packages/hello-2.8/bin/hello. This is referred to as stowing; a package with symlinks to its files installed in the system is said to be stowed.
When a new version of a package is released, you do not have to uninstall the previous version first. When hello 2.9 is built and installed, it is put into its own package directory, /gnu/packages/hello-2.9 and the directory of hello 2.8 is left untouched. When GSRC finalizes the installation, the old symlinks are removed and new ones are created to the latest version’s files. Thus, while there would then actually be two versions of the package installed, only the latest one would be stowed.
If you want to stow a particular version of the package, you may pass
the GARVERSION
variable to make install
. Be sure to
update the checksums when you do so, otherwise the process will fail!
$ make -C gnu/hello makesum install GARVERSION=2.8
If you had previously built version 2.8, then GSRC will merely re-stow
those files. Of course, if you have not previously built it, or if
you have previously run make clean
, the package will be built
from scratch.
Note: this method may fail if the package naming format or
compression algorithm has changed between versions (i.e. a change from
tar.gz to tar.xz); in this case you must also modify DISTFILES
.
Users wishing to maintain different configurations of a package may
take advantage of the GARPROFILE
variable. Its value is merely
appended to the package directory name, allowing you to have multiple
configurations of the same package version installed. For example:
$ make -C gnu/hello install CONFIGURE_OPTS="--disable-nls" GARPROFILE="-no-nls"
This would install the newly configured package to /gnu/packages/hello-2.9-no-nls.
Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Previous: Advanced configuration, Up: Top [Contents]
This appendix gives detailed information on the GSRC build system. This information is not necessary for most users but it may be of interest to developers and GSRC maintainers.
• The GSRC build system: | ||
• Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile: |
Next: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile, Previous: Technical information, Up: Technical information [Contents]
The GSRC build system is based on a system called GARstow by Adam Sampson, which, in turn, was based on an earlier system called GAR by Nick Moffitt. In this section, the basic architecture of the GSRC build system will be described.
GSRC consists of several system Makefiles plus the Makefile for each
package. When the user calls make
on a package’s Makefile,
the GSRC system Makefiles are pulled in. There are several of these
system Makefiles:
File | Description |
---|---|
gar.mk | This file contains the top-level targets such as build or install. |
gar.lib.mk | This file contains recipes to perform the sub-tasks for each top-level target (see below). |
gar.master.mk | This file contains master URLs for downloading packages (i.e. http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu). |
gar.lib | This directory contains further Makefiles to define common variable values for typical build systems, such as the standard GNU Autotools process. |
gar.conf.mk | This file contains the general configuration of GSRC. |
gar.env.mk | The variables in this file are used to properly set the build environment for GSRC. |
config.mk | This file contains the user’s particular GSRC configuration. |
The typical user-level GSRC Make targets, such as fetch, build or install, come from gar.mk. Depending on the package’s build requirements, as defined in the package’s GSRC Makefile, these user-level targets will depend on lower-level targets that actually perform the required tasks.
For example, in a typical GNU package, configuration is done with a configure script while building and installing are done with a Makefile. So, for the package hello, the build target will depend on a target called build-work/hello-2.9/Makefile (build- plus the location of the Makefile distributed with the package). For a Python-based package that is installed via a setup.py, the install target will depend on the target install-work/foo-1.0/setup.py. The file gar.lib.mk contains many generalized Make recipes to handle each of these different scenarios.
The directory gar.lib contains Makefiles that set common variable values for packages that share similar build systems. It has a file called auto.mk, for example, that defines the settings for a package that uses the standard Autotools process.
Previous: The GSRC build system, Up: Technical information [Contents]
GSRC Makefiles are the point of entry for the user into the GSRC system. Since GSRC supplies GNU software and there are GNU coding standards that dictate how package installation is supposed to work, the GSRC Makefiles for most GNU software packages are similar.
In order to facilitate working with the GSRC Makefiles in an automated way, such as searching them via a script, they all share a common structure, split into three sections: metadata variables, build variables, and the build recipes. By convention, these three sections are separated by lines of seventy hash symbols (“#”). This helps to visually separate the sections, as well as to provide convenient stopping points when scanning or searching the files.
• Metadata variables: | ||
• Build variables: | ||
• Build recipes: | ||
• A simple example: | ||
• A complex example: |
Next: Build variables, Previous: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile, Up: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile [Contents]
This section consists of variable declarations that describe the package itself. The following variables should be present:
Variable name | Description |
---|---|
NAME | This is the common-language, official name of the package. It may contain multiple words and any character. Example: “GNU Source-highlight” |
GARNAME | This is the internal GSRC name of the package. It should match the name of the directory containing the package and, by convention, for GNU packages it is the name of the package’s HTTP subdirectory on http://www.gnu.org/software. It should consist of only lower case letters, numbers, hyphens or underscores. Example: “src-highlite” |
UPSTREAMNAME | [optional] If the package maintainers ever use a different name for the package, for example a different spelling or capitalization, include it here. This is often useful in specifying URLs or package arcive names. Example: “source-highlight” |
GARVERSION | This is the current version number of the package. Example: “3.1.7” |
DISTNAME | [optional] This variable contains the distribution name of the
package. This variable is automatically constructed and by default it
is $(GARNAME)-$(GARVERSION) . Example: “src-highlite-3.1.7” |
HOME_URL | This is the home URL of the package, where a user might find more information about it. Example: “http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite” |
DESCRIPTION | This variable should have a short, one-line description of the package. |
BLURB | [optional] This should contain a longer, multi-line description of the
package. To achieve this, its value needs to be declared using the
Make define statement. |
Next: Build recipes, Previous: Metadata variables, Up: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile [Contents]
The second section of a GSRC Makefile holds variable definitions that are used in the build process. When possible, it is preferable to use the metadata variables in the build variable definitions, to minimize the number of items that need to be modified should anything change.
Variable name | Description |
---|---|
MASTER_SITES | This variable defines the top-level URL from where the package files
should be retrieved. Many URLs are already defined in variables in the
file gar.master.mk. Most GNU packages are retrievable from
http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu, which is assigned to the variable
MASTER_GNU in gar.master.mk, so for a GNU package,
MASTER_SITES would be set to $(MASTER_GNU) . Multiple
sites may be listed; attempts to download a files will proceed for
each site listed until one succeeds. |
MASTER_SUBDIR | This is the directory of the master site under which the package
files can be found. For most GNU packages, this can simply be
$(GARNAME)/ . |
DISTFILE_SITES | This variable contains URL(s) from which source distribution archives only are to be downloaded. |
DISTFILE_SUBDIR | This variable contains the sub-directory of DISTFILE_SITES
where the source distributions can be found. |
SIGFILE_SITES | This variable contains URL(s) from which signature files only are to be downloaded. |
SIGFILE_SUBDIR | This variable contains the sub-directory of SIGFILE_SITES
where the signature files can be found. |
PATCHFILE_SITES | This variable contains URL(s) from which patch files only are to be downloaded. |
PATCHFILE_SUBDIR | This variable contains the sub-directory of DISTFILE_SITES
where the source distributions can be found. |
FILE_SITES | This variable lists file URIs where files can be found locally. By
default this contains the files sub-directory of the package’s
GSRC directory and the location specified by the variable
GARCHIVEDIR . Note that these URIs should be prefaced with
“file://”. |
DISTFILES | This variable contains a space-separated list of all of the source distribution archives to be fetched. |
SIGFILES | This variable contains a space-separated list of all the signature files to fetch. |
PATCHFILES | This variable contains a space-separated list of all the patch files to fetch. |
WORKSRC | This variable contains the name of the directory where all of the work
should take place. Its default value is $(WORKDIR)/$(DISTNAME) ,
which should be sufficient for most cases, so it is normally not
necessary to set this variable. If, however, the package’s source
archive extracts to a directory with some other name, you should set
it here. This should always begin with $(WORKDIR) , which by
default is the work subdirectory of the GSRC package’s
sub-directory. |
WORKOBJ | This variable defines the location where the build process should take
place. Normally, and by default, this is the same as WORKSRC ,
however some packages recommend building in a directory separate from
the location of the source code. |
CONFIGURE_SCRIPTS | This variable contains a list of the scripts or files that need to be run during the configuration step of the build process. Phony targets may also be included. |
BUILD_SCRIPTS | This variable contains a list of the scripts or files that need to be run during the build step of the build process. Phony targets may also be included. |
INSTALL_SCRIPTS | This variable contains a list of the scripts or files that need to be run during the install step of the build process. Phony targets may also be included. |
INFO_FILES | This variable contains a list of all of the Info documentation files
installed by a program. To use this variable, you must include the
info.mk file from the gar.lib directory. If this variable
is not defined and info.mk is included, then it will have a
default value of $(GARNAME).info |
BUILDDEPS | This variable contains a space-separated list of the programs required to build the package, using their GARNAMEs. |
LIBDEPS | This variable is slightly a misnomer. It is a space-separated list of all the programs and/or libraries required at run-time by the package. |
Next: A simple example, Previous: Build variables, Up: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile [Contents]
The final section of the GSRC Makefile contains the specifics of
building the package. For most cases, it is sufficient to just add
include ../../gar.lib/auto.mk
, which will work for any package
that follows the GNU building and installation standards. This will,
among other actions, automatically define the
CONFIGURE_SCRIPTS
, BUILD_SCRIPTS
and
INSTALL_SCRIPTS
variables and it will include the gar.mk
Makefile. If the package does not follow this building standard, then
add include ../../gar.mk
directly. Following this, the user’s
package configuration should be loaded with include config.mk
.
Because there is the possibility that the user specify some
configuration options, any further options that must be set within the
Makefile should be done after the user configuration has been
loaded. By convention, whereas the user specifies options with the
CONFIGURE_OPTS
and BUILD_OPTS
variables, inside the
GSRC Makefile options should be included by appending to the
CONFIGURE_ARGS
and BUILD_ARGS
variables:
CONFIGURE_ARGS += --some-option
Finally, if necessary, the actual recipes are written. Note that if gar.lib/auto.mk was included, no recipes should need to be written. In general, there are two kinds of targets for which recipes may need to be written.
The first correspond to the files listed under
CONFIGURE_SCRIPTS
, BUILD_SCRIPTS
and
INSTALL_SCRIPTS
. As mentioned previously, user-level targets,
such as build, depend on lower-level targets such as
build-work/hello-2.9/Makefile. These are the targets that
must be implemented for each of the designated configure/build/install
scripts. For each target, a recipe is written using the normal Make
syntax to perform the necessary task. Recall that phony targets may be
specified as configure/build/install scripts. So, if
INSTALL_SCRIPTS = java
, then a target named install-java
must be written.
The second kind of targets that may be written are pre- and post- rules. These recipes are run before or after the specified top-level target. For example, a target called pre-build is run immediately before the build target. These targets are convenient for performing pre- or post-processing on files. Note that there are also pre-everything and post-everything targets that can be written.
Next: A complex example, Previous: Build recipes, Up: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile [Contents]
NAME = GNU Hello GARNAME = hello GARVERSION = 2.9 HOME_URL = http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/manual/ DESCRIPTION = A program that produces a familiar, friendly greeting define BLURB GNU Hello prints the message "Hello, world!" and then exits. It serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on. endef ###################################################################### MASTER_SITES = $(MASTER_GNU) MASTER_SUBDIR = $(GARNAME)/ DISTFILES = $(DISTNAME).tar.gz SIGFILES = $(DISTNAME).tar.gz.sig BUILDDEPS = LIBDEPS = ###################################################################### include ../../gar.lib/auto.mk include config.mk
Previous: A simple example, Up: Anatomy of a GSRC Makefile [Contents]
NAME = Linux Libre GARNAME = linux-libre GARVERSION = 3.8.5 HOME_URL = http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/selibre/linux-libre/ DESCRIPTION = A free version of the Linux kernel define BLURB Linux Libre is a free (as in freedom) variant of the Linux kernel. It has been modified to remove any non-free binary blobs. endef ###################################################################### MASTER_SITES = http://linux-libre.fsfla.org/pub/ MASTER_SUBDIR = $(GARNAME)/releases/$(GARVERSION)-gnu/ DISTFILES = $(DISTNAME)-gnu.tar.xz SIGFILES = $(DISTNAME)-gnu.tar.xz.sign WORKSRC = $(WORKDIR)/linux-$(GARVERSION) CONFIGURE_SCRIPTS = $(WORKSRC)/Makefile BUILD_SCRIPTS = $(WORKSRC)/Makefile INSTALL_SCRIPTS = kernel BUILDDEPS = LIBDEPS = ###################################################################### include ../../gar.mk include config.mk CONFIGURE_ARGS = $(CONFIGURE_OPTS) BUILD_ARGS += $(if $(USE_PARALLEL),$(MAKE_ARGS_PARALLEL),) CREATED_MERGE_DIRS = \ sysconf $(sysconfdir) \ var $(vardir) \ rootlib /lib pre-configure: make -C $(WORKSRC) mrproper $(MAKECOOKIE) configure-%/Makefile: $(CONFIGURE_ENV) make -C $* $(MAKE_ARGS) $(CONFIGURE_ARGS) $(CONFIGURE_TARGET) $(MAKECOOKIE) post-configure: cd $(WORKSRC) && make $(MAKE_ARGS) prepare $(MAKECOOKIE) build-%/Makefile: $(BUILD_ENV) make -C $* $(BUILD_ARGS) $(MAKECOOKIE) install-kernel: make -C $(WORKOBJ) $(MAKE_ARGS) \ INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$(packageprefix) \ INSTALL_HDR_PATH=$(packageprefix) \ modules_install \ headers_install \ firmware_install @install -m755 -D $(WORKSRC)/arch/$(ARCH)/boot/bzImage $(packageprefix)/boot/vmlinuz-$(DISTNAME) @install -m755 $(WORKSRC)/System.map $(packageprefix)/boot/System.map-$(GARVERSION) @install -m755 $(WORKSRC)/.config $(packageprefix)/boot/config-$(GARVERSION) $(MAKECOOKIE)
Previous: Technical information, Up: Top [Contents]
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