Part . Reference Documentation

Table of Contents

• 6. Usage Reference (running Kawa)
  • 6.1. Command-line arguments
    • 6.1.1. Argument processing
    • 6.1.2. General options
    • 6.1.3. Options for language selection
    • 6.1.4. Options for warnings and errors
    • 6.1.5. Options for setting variables
    • 6.1.6. Options for the REPL console
    • 6.1.7. Options for controlling output formatting
    • 6.1.8. Options for compiling and optimizing
    • 6.1.9. Options for debugging
    • 6.1.10. Options for web servers
    • 6.1.11. Options for the JVM
  • 6.2. Running Command Scripts
    • 6.2.1. Setting kawa options in the script
    • 6.2.2. Other ways to pass options using meta-arg or –script
    • 6.2.3. Scripts for compiled code
  • 6.3. The REPL (read-eval-print-loop) console
    • 6.3.1. Input line editing and history
    • 6.3.2. Running a Command Interpreter in a new Window
    • 6.3.3. Using DomTerm
  • 6.4. Exiting Kawa
  • 6.5. Compiling to byte-code
    • 6.5.1. Compiling to a set of .class files
    • 6.5.2. Compiling to an archive file
    • 6.5.3. Compiling using Ant
    • 6.5.4. Compiling to a standalone application
    • 6.5.5. Compiling to an applet
    • 6.5.6. Compiling to a native executable
• 7. Syntax
  • 7.1. Notation
  • 7.2. Lexical and datum syntax
  • 7.3. Lexical syntax
    • 7.3.1. Formal account
    • 7.3.2. Line endings
    • 7.3.3. Whitespace and comments
    • 7.3.4. Identifiers
    • 7.3.5. Numbers
  • 7.4. Datum syntax
    • 7.4.1. Datum labels
    • 7.4.2. Abbreviations
  • 7.5. Hash-prefixed forms
  • 7.6. Primitive expression syntax
    • 7.6.1. Literal expressions
    • 7.6.2. Variable references
    • 7.6.3. Procedure calls
  • 7.7. Property access using colon notation
    • 7.7.1. Part lookup rules
    • 7.7.2. Specific cases
      • 7.7.2.1. Invoking methods
      • 7.7.2.2. Accessing fields
      • 7.7.2.3. Type literal
      • 7.7.2.4. Type cast
      • 7.7.2.5. Type test
      • 7.7.2.6. New object construction
      • 7.7.2.7. Getting array length
  • 7.8. Programs and Bodies
  • 7.9. Syntax and conditional compilation
  • 7.10. Macros
    • 7.10.1. Pattern language
    • 7.10.2. Identifier predicates
    • 7.10.3. Syntax-object and datum conversions
    • 7.10.4. Signaling errors in macro transformers
    • 7.10.5. Convenience forms
  • 7.11. Named quasi-literals
• 8. Program structure
  • 8.1. Boolean values
  • 8.2. Conditionals
  • 8.3. Variables and Patterns
    • 8.3.1. Patterns
  • 8.4. Definitions
  • 8.5. Local binding constructs
  • 8.6. Lazy evaluation
    • 8.6.1. Delayed evaluation
    • 8.6.2. Implicit forcing
    • 8.6.3. Blank promises
    • 8.6.4. Lazy and eager types
  • 8.7. Repeat patterns and expressions
  • 8.8. Threads
  • 8.9. Exception handling
    • 8.9.1. Simple error objects
    • 8.9.2. Named exceptions
    • 8.9.3. Native exception handling
• 9. Control features
  • 9.1. Mapping functions
  • 9.2. Multiple values
• 10. Symbols and namespaces
  • 10.1. Simple symbols
  • 10.2. Namespaces and compound symbols
    • 10.2.1. Namespace objects
    • 10.2.2. Compound symbols
    • 10.2.3. Namespace aliases
  • 10.3. Keywords
  • 10.4. Special named constants
• 11. Procedures
  • 11.1. Application and Arguments Lists
    • 11.1.1. Arguments lists
    • 11.1.2. Explicit argument list objects
    • 11.1.3. Argument list library
    • 11.1.4. Apply procedures
  • 11.2. Lambda Expressions and Formal Parameters
  • 11.3. Procedure properties
    • 11.3.1. Standard properties
  • 11.4. Generic (dynamically overloaded) procedures
  • 11.5. Partial application
• 12. Numbers
  • 12.1. Numerical types
    • 12.1.1. Exactness
    • 12.1.2. Numerical promotion and conversion
  • 12.2. Arithmetic operations
  • 12.3. Numerical input and output
  • 12.4. Quaternions
    • 12.4.1. The (kawa quaternions) module
    • 12.4.2. The (kawa rotations) module
      • 12.4.2.1. Rotation Representation Conversions
      • 12.4.2.2. Rotation Operations
  • 12.5. Quantities and Units
  • 12.6. Logical Number Operations
    • 12.6.1. SRFI-60 Logical Number Operations
    • 12.6.2. Deprecated Logical Number Operations
  • 12.7. Performance of numeric operations
• 13. Characters and text
  • 13.1. Characters
  • 13.2. Character sets
  • 13.3. Strings
    • 13.3.1. Basic string procedures
    • 13.3.2. Immutable String Constructors
    • 13.3.3. Selection
    • 13.3.4. String Comparisons
    • 13.3.5. Conversions
    • 13.3.6. Searching and matching
    • 13.3.7. Concatenation and replacing
    • 13.3.8. Mapping and folding
    • 13.3.9. Replication & splitting
    • 13.3.10. String mutation
    • 13.3.11. Strings as sequences
      • 13.3.11.1. Indexing a string
      • 13.3.11.2. Indexing with a sequence
    • 13.3.12. String Cursor API
  • 13.4. String literals
    • 13.4.1. Simple string literals
    • 13.4.2. String templates
      • 13.4.2.1. Special characters
      • 13.4.2.2. Multiline string literals
      • 13.4.2.3. Embedded expressions
      • 13.4.2.4. Formatting
  • 13.5. Unicode character classes and conversions
    • 13.5.1. Characters
    • 13.5.2. Deprecated in-place case modification
  • 13.6. Regular expressions
    • 13.6.1. Java regular expressions
    • 13.6.2. Portable Scheme regular expressions
• 14. Data structures
  • 14.1. Sequences
  • 14.2. Lists
    • 14.2.1. SRFI-1 list library
    • 14.2.2. SRFI-101 Purely Functional Random-Access Pairs and Lists
  • 14.3. Vectors
  • 14.4. Uniform vectors
    • 14.4.1. Relationship with Java arrays
  • 14.5. Bytevectors
    • 14.5.1. Converting to or from strings
  • 14.6. Ranges
  • 14.7. Streams - lazy lists
  • 14.8. Multi-dimensional Arrays
    • 14.8.1. Array shape
    • 14.8.2. Array types
    • 14.8.3. Array literals and printing
    • 14.8.4. Array construction
    • 14.8.5. Array indexing
    • 14.8.6. Modifying arrays
    • 14.8.7. Transformations and views
    • 14.8.8. Miscellaneous
  • 14.9. Hash tables
    • 14.9.1. R6RS hash tables
      • 14.9.1.1. Procedures
      • 14.9.1.2. Inspection
      • 14.9.1.3. Hash functions
    • 14.9.2. SRFI-69 hash tables
      • 14.9.2.1. Type constructors and predicate
      • 14.9.2.2. Reflective queries
      • 14.9.2.3. Dealing with single elements
      • 14.9.2.4. Dealing with the whole contents
      • 14.9.2.5. Hash functions
• 15. Eval and Environments
  • 15.1. Locations
  • 15.2. Parameter objects
• 16. Debugging
• 17. Input, output, files
  • 17.1. Named output formats
  • 17.2. Paths - file name, URLs, and URIs
    • 17.2.1. Extracting Path components
  • 17.3. File System Interface
  • 17.4. Reading and writing whole files
    • 17.4.1. Reading a file
    • 17.4.2. Blobs
    • 17.4.3. Writing to a file
    • 17.4.4. Functions
  • 17.5. Ports
    • 17.5.1. String and bytevector ports
    • 17.5.2. Input
    • 17.5.3. Output
    • 17.5.4. Prompts for interactive consoles (REPLs)
    • 17.5.5. Line numbers and other input port properties
    • 17.5.6. Miscellaneous
  • 17.6. Formatted Output (Common-Lisp-style)
    • 17.6.1. Implemented CL Format Control Directives
    • 17.6.2. Formatting Integers
    • 17.6.3. Formatting real numbers
    • 17.6.4. Miscellaneous formatting operators
    • 17.6.5. Unimplemented CL Format Control Directives
    • 17.6.6. Extended, Replaced and Additional Control Directives
  • 17.7. Pretty-printing
    • 17.7.1. Pretty-printing Scheme forms
    • 17.7.2. Generic pretty-printing functions
  • 17.8. Resources
• 18. Types
  • 18.1. Standard Types
  • 18.2. Parameterized Types
  • 18.3. Type tests and conversions
• 19. Object, Classes and Modules
  • 19.1. Defining new classes
    • 19.1.1. General class properties
    • 19.1.2. Declaring fields
    • 19.1.3. Declaring methods
    • 19.1.4. Example
  • 19.2. Anonymous classes
    • 19.2.1. Lambda as shorthand for anonymous class
  • 19.3. Enumeration types
  • 19.4. Annotations of declarations
  • 19.5. Modules and how they are compiled to classes
    • 19.5.1. Name visibility
    • 19.5.2. R7RS explicit library modules
    • 19.5.3. How a module becomes a class
    • 19.5.4. Same class for module and defined class
    • 19.5.5. Static vs non-static modules
    • 19.5.6. Module options
  • 19.6. Importing from a library
    • 19.6.1. Searching for modules
    • 19.6.2. Searching for source files
    • 19.6.3. Builtin libraries
    • 19.6.4. Importing a SRFI library
    • 19.6.5. Importing from a plain class
  • 19.7. Record types
  • 19.8. Creating New Record Types On-the-fly
  • 19.9. Calling Java methods from Scheme
    • 19.9.1. Calling static methods using colon notation
    • 19.9.2. Calling instance methods using colon notation
    • 19.9.3. Method names
    • 19.9.4. Invoking a method with the invoke function
    • 19.9.5. Using a namespace prefix
  • 19.10. Allocating objects
  • 19.11. Accessing object fields
    • 19.11.1. Accessing static fields and properties
    • 19.11.2. Accessing instance fields and properties
    • 19.11.3. Using field and static-field methods
    • 19.11.4. Older colon-dot notation
  • 19.12. Mapping Scheme names to Java names
  • 19.13. Scheme types in Java
  • 19.14. Using Java Arrays
    • 19.14.1. Creating new Java arrays
    • 19.14.2. Accessing Java array elements
    • 19.14.3. Old low-level array macros
  • 19.15. Loading Java functions into Scheme
  • 19.16. Evaluating Scheme expressions from Java
    • 19.16.1. Using javax.script portable Java scripting
• 20. Working with XML and HTML
  • 20.1. Formatting XML
  • 20.2. Creating HTML nodes
  • 20.3. Creating XML nodes
  • 20.4. XML literals
    • 20.4.1. Element constructors
    • 20.4.2. Elements contents (children)
    • 20.4.3. Attributes
    • 20.4.4. QNames and namespaces
    • 20.4.5. Other XML types
      • 20.4.5.1. Processing instructions
      • 20.4.5.2. XML comments
      • 20.4.5.3. CDATA sections
  • 20.5. Web page scripts
  • 20.6. Self-configuring web page scripts
    • 20.6.1. Using the OpenJDK built-in web server
    • 20.6.2. Using a servlet container
    • 20.6.3. Finding a matching script
    • 20.6.4. Determining script language
    • 20.6.5. Compilation and caching
  • 20.7. Installing web page scripts as Servlets
    • 20.7.1. Creating a web application
    • 20.7.2. Compiling a web page script to a servlet
    • 20.7.3. Installing a servlet under Tomcat
    • 20.7.4. Installing a servlet under Glassfish
    • 20.7.5. Servlet-specific script functions
  • 20.8. Installing Kawa programs as CGI scripts
  • 20.9. Functions for accessing HTTP requests
    • 20.9.1. Request URL components
    • 20.9.2. Request parameters
    • 20.9.3. Request headers
    • 20.9.4. Request body
    • 20.9.5. Request IP addresses and ports
    • 20.9.6. Miscellaneous request properties
  • 20.10. Generating HTTP responses
  • 20.11. Using non-Scheme languages for XML/HTML
    • 20.11.1. XQuery language
    • 20.11.2. XSL transformations
    • 20.11.3. KRL - The Kawa Report Language for generating XML/HTML
    • 20.11.4. Differences between KRL and BRL
• 21. Miscellaneous topics
  • 21.1. Composable pictures
    • 21.1.1. Coordinates - points and dimensions
    • 21.1.2. Shapes
    • 21.1.3. Colors and paints
    • 21.1.4. Filling a shape with a color
    • 21.1.5. Stroking (outlining) a shape
    • 21.1.6. Affine transforms
    • 21.1.7. Combining pictures
    • 21.1.8. Images
    • 21.1.9. Compositing - Controlling how pictures are combined
    • 21.1.10. Displaying and exporting pictures
      • 21.1.10.1. Export to SVG
      • 21.1.10.2. Display in Swing
      • 21.1.10.3. Convert to image
  • 21.2. Building JavaFX applications
    • 21.2.1. Using JavaFX with JDK 11+
  • 21.3. Building for Android
    • 21.3.1. Downloading and setting up the Android SDK
    • 21.3.2. Building Kawa for Android
    • 21.3.3. Creating the application
    • 21.3.4. Running the application on the Android emulator
    • 21.3.5. Running the application on your device
    • 21.3.6. Some debugging notes
    • 21.3.7. Other resources
  • 21.4. Android view construction
    • 21.4.1. View object allocation
    • 21.4.2. Event handlers
  • 21.5. System inquiry
  • 21.6. Processes
    • 21.6.1. Creating a process
    • 21.6.2. Process literals
    • 21.6.3. Process values and process output
    • 21.6.4. Substitution and tokenization
    • 21.6.5. Input/output redirection
    • 21.6.6. Pipe-lines
    • 21.6.7. Setting the process environment
    • 21.6.8. Waiting for process exit
    • 21.6.9. Exiting the current process
    • 21.6.10. Deprecated functions
  • 21.7. Time-related functions
  • 21.8. Deprecated low-level functions
    • 21.8.1. Low-level Method invocation
    • 21.8.2. Low-level field operations
    • 21.8.3. Old low-level array macros
• 22. Frequently Asked Questions
• 23. The Kawa language framework
• 24. License
  • 24.1. License for the Kawa software
  • 24.2. License for the Kawa manual