Index (The GNU Awk User’s Guide)

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_
	Index Entry	Section

	`_` (underscore)
	C macro	Explaining gettext
	in names of private variables	Library Names
	translatable strings	Programmer i18n
	`_gr_init()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`_ord_init()` user-defined function	Ordinal Functions
	`_pw_init()` user-defined function	Passwd Functions

-
	`-` (hyphen)
	`-` operator	Precedence
	`-` operator	Precedence
	`--` end of options marker	Options
	`--` operator	Increment Ops
	`--` operator	Precedence
	`-=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`-=` operator	Precedence
	file names beginning with	Options
	in bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions
	`--assign` option	Options
	`--bignum` option	Options
	`--characters-as-bytes` option	Options
	`--copyright` option	Options
	`--csv` option	Options
	`--debug` option	Options
	`--disable-extensions` configuration option	Additional Configuration Options
	`--disable-lint` configuration option	Additional Configuration Options
	`--disable-mpfr` configuration option	Additional Configuration Options
	`--disable-nls` configuration option	Additional Configuration Options
	`--dump-variables` option	Options
	using for library functions	Library Names
	`--enable-versioned-extension-dir` configuration option	Additional Configuration Options
	`--exec` option	Options
	`--field-separator` option	Options
	`--file` option	Options
	`--gen-pot` option	Options
	`--gen-pot` option	String Extraction
	`--gen-pot` option	String Extraction
	`--help` option	Options
	`--include` option	Options
	`--lint` option	Command Line
	`--lint` option	Options
	`--lint-old` option	Options
	`--load` option	Options
	`--no-optimize` option	Options
	`--non-decimal-data` option	Options
	`--non-decimal-data` option	Nondecimal Data
	`strtonum()` function and	Nondecimal Data
	`--optimize` option	Options
	`--posix` option	Options
	`--traditional` option and	Options
	`--pretty-print` option	Options
	`--profile` option	Options
	`--profile` option	Profiling
	`--re-interval` option	Options
	`--sandbox` option	Options
	disabling `system()` function	I/O Functions
	input redirection with `getline`	Getline
	output redirection with `print`
	`printf`	Redirection
	`--source` option	Options
	`--trace` option	Options
	`--traditional` option	Options
	`--posix` option and	Options
	`--use-lc-numeric` option	Options
	`--version` option	Options
	`-b` option	Options
	`-c` option	Options
	`-C` option	Options
	`-d` option	Options
	`-D` option	Options
	`-e` option	Options
	`-E` option	Options
	`-e` option	Options
	`-f` option	Long
	`-F` option	Options
	`-f` option	Options
	`-Ft` sets `FS` to TAB	Options
	command-line	Command Line Field Separator
	multiple uses	Options
	`-g` option	Options
	`-h` option	Options
	`-i` option	Options
	`-I` option	Options
	`-k` option	Options
	`-l` option	Options
	`-l` option	Options
	`-L` option	Options
	`-M` option	Options
	`-n` option	Options
	`-N` option	Options
	`-o` option	Options
	`-O` option	Options
	`-p` option	Options
	`-P` option	Options
	`-r` option	Options
	`-s` option	Options
	`-S` option	Options
	`-v` option	Options
	`-V` option	Options
	`-v` option	Assignment Options
	`-W` option	Options

,
	`,` (comma), in range patterns	Ranges

;
	`;` (semicolon)
	`AWKPATH` variable and	PC Using
	separating rules	Statements/Lines
	separating statements in actions	Statements/Lines
	separating statements in actions	Action Overview
	separating statements in actions	Statements

:
	`:` (colon)
	`::` namespace separator	Qualified Names
	`?:` operator	Precedence

!
	`!` (exclamation point)
	`!` operator	Boolean Ops
	`!` operator	Precedence
	`!` operator	Ranges
	`!` operator	Egrep Program
	`!=` operator	Comparison Operators
	`!=` operator	Precedence
	`!~` operator	Regexp Usage
	`!~` operator	Computed Regexps
	`!~` operator	Case-sensitivity
	`!~` operator	Regexp Constants
	`!~` operator	Comparison Operators
	`!~` operator	Comparison Operators
	`!~` operator	Precedence
	`!~` operator	Expression Patterns

?
	`?` (question mark)
	`?:` operator	Precedence
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	regexp operator	GNU Regexp Operators

.
	`.` (period), regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	`.gmo` files	Explaining gettext
	specifying directory of	Explaining gettext
	specifying directory of	Programmer i18n
	`.mo` files, converting from `.po`	I18N Example
	`.po` files	Explaining gettext
	`.po` files	Translator i18n
	converting to `.mo`	I18N Example
	`.pot` files	Explaining gettext

'
	`'` (single quote)	One-shot
	in `gawk` command lines	Long
	in shell commands	Quoting
	vs. apostrophe	Comments
	with double quotes	Quoting

"
	`"` (double quote)
	in regexp constants	Computed Regexps
	in shell commands	Quoting

(
	`()` (parentheses)
	in a profile	Profiling
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details

[
	`[]` (square brackets), regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details

{
	`{}` (braces)	Profiling
	actions and	Action Overview
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	statements, grouping	Statements

@
	`@` (at-sign)
	`@`-notation for indirect function calls	Indirect Calls
	`@include` directive	Options
	`@include` directive	Include Files
	`@include` directive	Glossary
	`@load` directive	Options
	`@load` directive	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	`@load` directive	Loading Shared Libraries
	`@load` directive	Auto-set
	`@load` directive	Using extensions
	`@load` directive	Using Internal File Ops
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Changing The Namespace
	`@namespace` directive	Namespace And Features
	`BEGIN`, `BEGINFILE`, `END`, `ENDFILE` and	Changing The Namespace

*
	`*` (asterisk)
	`*` operator
	as multiplication operator	Precedence
	as regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	null strings, matching	String Functions
	`**` operator	Arithmetic Ops
	`**` operator	Precedence
	`**=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`**=` operator	Precedence
	`*=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`*=` operator	Precedence

/
	`/` (forward slash)
	`/` operator	Precedence
	`/=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`/=` operator	Precedence
	vs. `/=…/` regexp constant	Assignment Ops
	patterns and	Expression Patterns
	to enclose regular expressions	Regexp
	`/=` operator vs. `/=…/` regexp constant	Assignment Ops
	`/dev/…` special files	Special FD
	`/dev/fd/N` special files (`gawk`)	Special FD
	`/inet/…` special files (`gawk`)	TCP/IP Networking
	`/inet4/…` special files (`gawk`)	TCP/IP Networking
	`/inet6/…` special files (`gawk`)	TCP/IP Networking

\
	`\` (backslash)	Comments
	`\'` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\"` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\/` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	\` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\<` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\>` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\a` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\b` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\B` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\f` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\n` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\nnn` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\r` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\s` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\S` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\t` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\u` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\v` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\w` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\W` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\x` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\y` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	as field separator	Command Line Field Separator
	continuing lines and	Statements/Lines
	comments and	Statements/Lines
	in `csh`	Statements/Lines
	`gsub()`/`gensub()`/`sub()` functions and	Gory Details
	in bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions
	in escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	in escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	POSIX and	Escape Sequences
	in regexp constants	Computed Regexps
	in shell commands	Quoting
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details

&
	`&` (ampersand)
	`&&` operator	Boolean Ops
	`&&` operator	Precedence
	`gsub()`/`gensub()`/`sub()` functions and	Gory Details

#
	`#` (number sign)
	`#!` (executable scripts)	Executable Scripts
	commenting	Comments

%
	`%` (percent sign)
	`%` operator	Precedence
	`%=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`%=` operator	Precedence

^
	`^` (caret)
	`^` operator	Precedence
	`^=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`^=` operator	Precedence
	in bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions
	in `FS`	Regexp Field Splitting
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	regexp operator	GNU Regexp Operators

+
	`+` (plus sign)
	`+` operator	Precedence
	`+` operator	Precedence
	`++` operator	Increment Ops
	`++` operator	Increment Ops
	`++` operator	Precedence
	`+=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`+=` operator	Precedence
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details

<
	`<` (left angle bracket)
	`<` operator	Comparison Operators
	`<` operator	Precedence
	`<` operator (I/O)	Getline/File
	`<=` operator	Comparison Operators
	`<=` operator	Precedence

=
	`=` (equals sign)
	`=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`==` operator	Comparison Operators
	`==` operator	Precedence

>
	`>` (right angle bracket)
	`>` operator	Comparison Operators
	`>` operator	Precedence
	`>` operator (I/O)	Redirection
	`>=` operator	Comparison Operators
	`>=` operator	Precedence
	`>>` operator (I/O)	Redirection
	`>>` operator (I/O)	Precedence

\|
	`\|` (vertical bar)	Regexp Operator Details
	`\|` operator (I/O)	Getline/Pipe
	`\|` operator (I/O)	Redirection
	`\|` operator (I/O)	Precedence
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Getline/Coprocess
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Redirection
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Precedence
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Two-way I/O
	pipes, closing	Close Files And Pipes
	`\|\|` operator	Boolean Ops
	`\|\|` operator	Precedence

~
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Regexp Usage
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Computed Regexps
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Case-sensitivity
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Regexp Constants
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Comparison Operators
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Comparison Operators
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Precedence
	`~` (tilde), `~` operator	Expression Patterns

$
	`$` (dollar sign)
	`$` field operator	Fields
	`$` field operator	Precedence
	incrementing fields and arrays	Increment Ops
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details

A
	`aaa` (amazing `awk` assembler) program	Glossary
	accessing fields	Fields
	accessing global variables from extensions	Symbol Table Access
	account information	Passwd Functions
	account information	Group Functions
	actions	Action Overview
	control statements in	Statements
	default	Very Simple
	empty	Very Simple
	Ada programming language	Glossary
	adding
	features to `gawk`	Adding Code
	fields	Changing Fields
	advanced features
	fixed-width data	Constant Size
	`gawk`	Advanced Features
	network programming	TCP/IP Networking
	nondecimal input data	Nondecimal Data
	processes, communicating with	Two-way I/O
	specifying field content	Splitting By Content
	Aho, Alfred	History
	Aho, Alfred	Contributors
	Aho, Alfred	Other Versions
	alarm clock example program	Alarm Program
	`alarm.awk` program	Alarm Program
	algorithms	Basic High Level
	all source files, show in debugger	Debugger Info
	allocating memory for extensions	Memory Allocation Functions
	amazing `awk` assembler (`aaa`)	Glossary
	amazingly workable formatter (`awf`)	Glossary
	ambiguity, syntactic: `/=` operator vs. `/=…/` regexp constant	Assignment Ops
	ampersand (`&`)
	`&&` operator	Boolean Ops
	`&&` operator	Precedence
	`gsub()`/`gensub()`/`sub()` functions and	Gory Details
	`anagram.awk` program	Anagram Program
	anagrams, finding	Anagram Program
	AND bitwise operation	Bitwise Functions
	and Boolean-logic operator	Boolean Ops
	`and()` function (`gawk`)	Bitwise Functions
	ANSI	Glossary
	API
	informational variables	Extension API Informational Variables
	version	Extension Versioning
	API, ownership of MPFR and GMP values	API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values
	arbitrary precision	Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic
	arbitrary precision	Computer Arithmetic
	integers	Arbitrary Precision Integers
	archaeologists	Bugs
	arctangent	Numeric Functions
	`ARGC`/`ARGV` variables	Auto-set
	command-line arguments	Other Arguments
	how to use	ARGC and ARGV
	portability and	Executable Scripts
	`ARGIND` variable	Auto-set
	command-line arguments	Other Arguments
	arguments
	command-line	Other Arguments
	command-line	Auto-set
	command-line	ARGC and ARGV
	invoking `awk`	Command Line
	in function calls	Function Calls
	processing	Getopt Function
	`ARGV` array	Options
	`ARGV` array, indexing into	Other Arguments
	arithmetic operators	Arithmetic Ops
	array manipulation in extensions	Array Manipulation
	array members	Reference to Elements
	array scanning order, controlling	Controlling Scanning
	array subscripts
	null string as	Uninitialized Subscripts
	numbers as	Numeric Array Subscripts
	arrays	Arrays
	arrays of arrays	Arrays of Arrays
	as parameters to functions	Pass By Value/Reference
	associative	Array Intro
	library functions and	Library Names
	deleting entire contents	Delete
	elements
	assigning values	Assigning Elements
	deleting	Delete
	order of access by `in` operator	Scanning an Array
	retrieving number of	String Functions
	that don’t exist	Reference to Elements
	example of using	Array Example
	`for` statement and	Scanning an Array
	`IGNORECASE` variable and	Array Intro
	indexing	Array Intro
	merging into strings	Join Function
	multidimensional	Multidimensional
	scanning	Multiscanning
	number of elements	String Functions
	numeric subscripts	Numeric Array Subscripts
	referencing elements	Reference to Elements
	scanning	Scanning an Array
	sorting
	`asort()` function (`gawk`)	Array Sorting Functions
	`asorti()` function (`gawk`)	Array Sorting Functions
	`IGNORECASE` variable and	Array Sorting Functions
	sparse	Array Intro
	subscripts, uninitialized variables as	Uninitialized Subscripts
	unassigned elements	Reference to Elements
	artificial intelligence, `gawk` and	Distribution contents
	ASCII	Escape Sequences
	ASCII	Bracket Expressions
	ASCII	Scalar Constants
	ASCII	Ordinal Functions
	ASCII	Alarm Program
	ASCII	Two-way I/O
	ASCII	Ranges and Locales
	ASCII	Ranges and Locales
	ASCII	History summary
	ASCII	Glossary
	ASCII	Glossary
	`asort()` function (`gawk`)	String Functions
	`asort()` function (`gawk`)	Array Sorting Functions
	arrays, sorting	Array Sorting Functions
	side effects	Array Sorting Functions
	`asorti()` function (`gawk`)	String Functions
	`asorti()` function (`gawk`)	Array Sorting Functions
	arrays, sorting	Array Sorting Functions
	side effects	Array Sorting Functions
	`assert()` function (C library)	Assert Function
	`assert()` user-defined function	Assert Function
	assertions	Assert Function
	assign values to variables, in debugger	Viewing And Changing Data
	assignment operators	Assignment Ops
	evaluation order	Assignment Ops
	lvalues/rvalues	Assignment Ops
	assignments as file names	Ignoring Assigns
	associative arrays	Array Intro
	asterisk (`*`)
	`*` operator
	as multiplication operator	Precedence
	as regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	null strings, matching	String Functions
	`**` operator	Arithmetic Ops
	`**` operator	Precedence
	`**=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`**=` operator	Precedence
	`*=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`*=` operator	Precedence
	at-sign (`@`)
	`@`-notation for indirect function calls	Indirect Calls
	`@include` directive	Options
	`@include` directive	Include Files
	`@include` directive	Glossary
	`@load` directive	Options
	`@load` directive	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	`@load` directive	Loading Shared Libraries
	`@load` directive	Auto-set
	`@load` directive	Using extensions
	`@load` directive	Using Internal File Ops
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Changing The Namespace
	`@namespace` directive	Namespace And Features
	`BEGIN`, `BEGINFILE`, `END`, `ENDFILE` and	Changing The Namespace
	`atan2()` function	Numeric Functions
	automatic displays, in debugger	Debugger Info
	`awf` (amazingly workable formatter) program	Glossary
	`awk`	Preface
	`awk`	See also `gawk`
	`awk`
	function of	Getting Started
	`gawk` and	Preface
	`gawk` and	This Manual
	history of	History
	implementation issues
	pipes	Redirection
	implementations	Other Versions
	limits	Getline Notes
	invoking	Command Line
	language, POSIX version	Assignment Ops
	language, POSIX version	Next Statement
	language, POSIX version	Definition Syntax
	namespace	Default Namespace
	identifier name storage	Internal Name Management
	use for indirect function calls	Internal Name Management
	new vs. old	Names
	`OFMT` variable	Strings And Numbers
	POSIX and	Preface
	POSIX and	Preface
	profiling, enabling	Options
	regexp constants and	Comparison Operators
	terms describing	This Manual
	uses for	Preface
	uses for	Getting Started
	uses for	When
	versions of	V7/SVR3.1
	versions of	BTL
	versions of	Other Versions
	changes between SVR3.1 and SVR4	SVR4
	changes between SVR4 and POSIX `awk`	POSIX
	changes between V7 and SVR3.1	V7/SVR3.1
	`awk` programs	Getting Started
	`awk` programs	Executable Scripts
	`awk` programs	Two Rules
	complex	When
	debugging, enabling	Options
	documenting	Comments
	documenting	Library Names
	examples of	Sample Programs
	execution of	Next Statement
	internationalizing	I18N Functions
	internationalizing	Programmer i18n
	lengthy	Long
	assertions	Assert Function
	location of	Options
	location of	Options
	location of	Options
	one-line examples	Very Simple
	profiling	Profiling
	running	Running gawk
	running	Long
	from shell scripts	One-shot
	without input files	Read Terminal
	shell variables in	Using Shell Variables
	`awk` to Go translator	Other Versions
	`AWK_HASH` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`awka` compiler for `awk`	Other Versions
	`AWKBUFSIZE` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`awkcc`, `awk` to C translator	Other Versions
	`AWKgo`	Other Versions
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Options
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Loading Shared Libraries
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Invoking Summary
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Creating Arrays
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Using Internal File Ops
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	POSIX/GNU
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Distribution contents
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	Shell Startup Files
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	AWKPATH Variable
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Include Files
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Invoking Summary
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Igawk Program
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Igawk Program
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Debugger Invocation
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	POSIX/GNU
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Feature History
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Distribution contents
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	Shell Startup Files
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	PC Using
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	OpenVMS Running
	`awkprof.out` file	Profiling
	`AWKREADFUNC` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`awksed.awk` program	Simple Sed
	`awkvars.out` file	Options

B
	`b` debugger command (alias for `break`)	Breakpoint Control
	backslash (`\`)	Comments
	`\'` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\"` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\/` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	\` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\<` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\>` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\a` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\b` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\B` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\f` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\n` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\nnn` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\r` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\s` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\S` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\t` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\u` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\v` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\w` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\W` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	`\x` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\y` operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	as field separator	Command Line Field Separator
	continuing lines and	Statements/Lines
	comments and	Statements/Lines
	in `csh`	Statements/Lines
	`gsub()`/`gensub()`/`sub()` functions and	Gory Details
	in bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions
	in escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	in escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	POSIX and	Escape Sequences
	in regexp constants	Computed Regexps
	in shell commands	Quoting
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	`backtrace` debugger command	Execution Stack
	Beebe, Nelson H.F.	Acknowledgments
	Beebe, Nelson H.F.	Numeric Functions
	Beebe, Nelson H.F.	Other Versions
	`BEGIN` pattern	Field Separators
	`BEGIN` pattern	BEGIN/END
	`BEGIN` pattern	Using BEGIN/END
	`@namespace` directive and	Changing The Namespace
	`assert()` user-defined function and	Assert Function
	Boolean patterns and	Expression Patterns
	`exit` statement and	Exit Statement
	`getline` and	Getline Notes
	headings, adding	Print Examples
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	Next Statement
	`OFS`/`ORS` variables, assigning values to	Output Separators
	operators and	Using BEGIN/END
	`print` statement and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	profiling and	Profiling
	`pwcat` program	Passwd Functions
	running `awk` programs and	Cut Program
	`TEXTDOMAIN` variable and	Programmer i18n
	`BEGINFILE` pattern	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	`@namespace` directive and	Changing The Namespace
	Boolean patterns and	Expression Patterns
	`beginfile()` user-defined function	Filetrans Function
	Bentley, Jon	Glossary
	Benzinger, Michael	Contributors
	Berry, Karl	Acknowledgments
	Berry, Karl	Acknowledgments
	Berry, Karl	Ranges and Locales
	binary input/output	User-modified
	`bindtextdomain()` function (C library)	Explaining gettext
	`bindtextdomain()` function (`gawk`)	I18N Functions
	`bindtextdomain()` function (`gawk`)	Programmer i18n
	portability and	I18N Portability
	`BINMODE` variable	User-modified
	`BINMODE` variable	PC Using
	bit-manipulation functions	Bitwise Functions
	`bits2str()` user-defined function	Bitwise Functions
	bitwise
	AND	Bitwise Functions
	complement	Bitwise Functions
	complement	Bitwise Functions
	operations	Bitwise Functions
	OR	Bitwise Functions
	shift	Bitwise Functions
	XOR	Bitwise Functions
	body
	in actions	Statements
	in loops	While Statement
	Boolean expressions	Boolean Ops
	as patterns	Expression Patterns
	boolean function	Boolean Functions
	Boolean operators, See Boolean expressions
	Bornstein, Dan	Other Versions
	Bourne shell, quoting rules for	Quoting
	braces (`{}`)	Profiling
	actions and	Action Overview
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	statements, grouping	Statements
	bracket expressions	Regexp Operator Details
	bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions
	character classes	Bracket Expressions
	character lists	Bracket Expressions
	collating elements	Bracket Expressions
	collating symbols	Bracket Expressions
	complemented	Regexp Operator Details
	equivalence classes	Bracket Expressions
	non-ASCII	Bracket Expressions
	range expressions	Bracket Expressions
	`break` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	`break` statement	Break Statement
	breakpoint	Debugging Terms
	at location, how to delete	Breakpoint Control
	commands to execute at	Debugger Execution Control
	condition	Breakpoint Control
	delete by number	Breakpoint Control
	how to disable or enable	Breakpoint Control
	setting	Breakpoint Control
	show all in debugger	Debugger Info
	Brennan, Michael	Foreword3
	Brennan, Michael	Foreword4
	Brennan, Michael	Acknowledgments
	Brennan, Michael	Delete
	Brennan, Michael	Simple Sed
	Brennan, Michael	Other Versions
	Brennan, Michael	Other Versions
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	When
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Escape Sequences
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	GNU Regexp Operators
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	gawk split records
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Regexp Field Splitting
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Getline/Pipe
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Concatenation
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	I/O And BEGIN/END
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Break Statement
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Continue Statement
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Nextfile Statement
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Delete
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	String Functions
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Gory Details
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	I/O Functions
	extensions	BTL
	source code	Other Versions
	Brini, Davide	Signature Program
	Brink, Jeroen	DOS Quoting
	Broder, Alan J.	Contributors
	Brown, Martin	Contributors
	BSD-based operating systems	Glossary
	`bt` debugger command (alias for `backtrace`)	Execution Stack
	Buening, Andreas	Acknowledgments
	Buening, Andreas	Contributors
	Buening, Andreas	Maintainers
	buffering
	input/output	I/O Functions
	input/output	Two-way I/O
	interactive vs. noninteractive	I/O Functions
	buffers
	flushing	I/O Functions
	flushing	I/O Functions
	operators for	GNU Regexp Operators
	bug reports, email address, bug-gawk@gnu.org	Bug address
	bug-gawk@gnu.org bug reporting address	Bug address
	built-in functions	Functions
	evaluation order	Calling Built-in
	BusyBox Awk	Other Versions
	BWK `awk`, See Brian Kernighan’s `awk`
	BWK `awk`
	interval expressions in	Interval Expressions
	bytes
	counting	Wc Program

C
	C library functions
	`assert()`	Assert Function
	`bindtextdomain()`	Explaining gettext
	`endgrent()`	Group Functions
	`endpwent()`	Passwd Functions
	`getaddrinfo()`	TCP/IP Networking
	`getgrent()`	Group Functions
	`getgrent()`	Group Functions
	`getgrgid()`	Group Functions
	`getgrnam()`	Group Functions
	`getgruser()`	Group Functions
	`getopt()`	Getopt Function
	`getpwent()`	Passwd Functions
	`getpwent()`	Passwd Functions
	`getpwnam()`	Passwd Functions
	`getpwuid()`	Passwd Functions
	`gettext()`	Explaining gettext
	`textdomain()`	Explaining gettext
	c.e., See common extensions
	call by reference	Pass By Value/Reference
	call by value	Pass By Value/Reference
	call stack
	display in debugger	Execution Stack
	explanation of	Debugging Terms
	caret (`^`)
	`^` operator	Precedence
	`^=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`^=` operator	Precedence
	in bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	regexp operator	GNU Regexp Operators
	`case` keyword	Switch Statement
	case sensitivity
	array indices and	Array Intro
	converting case	String Functions
	example programs	Library Functions
	`gawk`	Case-sensitivity
	regexps and	Case-sensitivity
	regexps and	User-modified
	string comparisons and	User-modified
	CGI, `awk` scripts for	Options
	character classes, See bracket expressions
	character lists, See bracket expressions
	character sets (in regular expressions), See bracket expressions
	character sets (machine character encodings)	Ordinal Functions
	character sets (machine character encodings)	Glossary
	characters
	counting	Wc Program
	transliterating	Translate Program
	values of as numbers	Ordinal Functions
	Chassell, Robert J.	Acknowledgments
	`chdir()` extension function	Extension Sample File Functions
	checking for MPFR	Checking for MPFR
	`chem` utility	Glossary
	`chr()` extension function	Extension Sample Ord
	`chr()` user-defined function	Ordinal Functions
	`clear` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	Cliff random numbers	Cliff Random Function
	`cliff_rand()` user-defined function	Cliff Random Function
	close file or coprocess	I/O Functions
	Close, Diane	Manual History
	Close, Diane	Contributors
	`close()` function	Close Files And Pipes
	`close()` function	I/O Functions
	portability	Close Files And Pipes
	return value	Close Return Value
	two-way pipes and	Two-way I/O
	Collado, Manuel	Acknowledgments
	Collado, Manuel	More CSV
	Collado, Manuel	More CSV
	collating elements	Bracket Expressions
	collating symbols	Bracket Expressions
	Colombo, Antonio	Acknowledgments
	Colombo, Antonio	Contributors
	colon (`:`)
	`::` namespace separator	Qualified Names
	`?:` operator	Precedence
	columns
	aligning	Print Examples
	cutting	Cut Program
	comma (`,`), in range patterns	Ranges
	comma separated values (CSV) data
	`--csv` option	Options
	`-k` option	Options
	generating CSV data	To CSV Function
	parsing with `FPAT`	Splitting By Content
	parsing with `FPAT` library	More CSV
	records and fields	Comma Separated Fields
	command completion, in debugger	Readline Support
	command line
	arguments	Other Arguments
	arguments	Auto-set
	arguments	Auto-set
	arguments	ARGC and ARGV
	directories on	Command-line directories
	formats	Running gawk
	`FS` on, setting	Command Line Field Separator
	invoking `awk` from	Command Line
	option `-f`	Long
	options	Options
	end of	Options
	processing	Getopt Function
	string extraction	String Extraction
	variables, assigning on	Assignment Options
	`commands` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	commands to execute at breakpoint	Debugger Execution Control
	commenting	Comments
	backslash continuation and	Statements/Lines
	common extensions
	`**` operator	Arithmetic Ops
	`**=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`/dev/stderr` special file	Special FD
	`/dev/stdin` special file	Special FD
	`/dev/stdout` special file	Special FD
	`\u` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\x` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`BINMODE` variable	PC Using
	`delete` to delete entire arrays	Delete
	`func` keyword	Definition Syntax
	`length()` applied to an array	String Functions
	`RS` as a regexp	gawk split records
	single character fields	Single Character Fields
	`comp.lang.awk` newsgroup	Usenet
	comparison expressions	Typing and Comparison
	as patterns	Expression Patterns
	string vs. regexp	Comparison Operators
	compatibility mode (`gawk`)
	extensions	POSIX/GNU
	file names	Special Caveats
	hexadecimal numbers	Nondecimal-numbers
	octal numbers	Nondecimal-numbers
	specifying	Options
	compiled programs	Basic High Level
	compiled programs	Glossary
	compiling `gawk`
	for Cygwin	Cygwin
	for MS-Windows	PC Compiling
	for OpenVMS	OpenVMS Compilation
	`compl()` function (`gawk`)	Bitwise Functions
	complement, bitwise	Bitwise Functions
	component name	Qualified Names
	naming rules	Naming Rules
	compound statements, control statements and	Statements
	concatenating	Concatenation
	`condition` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	conditional expressions	Conditional Exp
	configuration option
	`--disable-extensions`	Additional Configuration Options
	`--disable-lint`	Additional Configuration Options
	`--disable-mpfr`	Additional Configuration Options
	`--disable-nls`	Additional Configuration Options
	`--enable-versioned-extension-dir`	Additional Configuration Options
	configuration options, `gawk`	Additional Configuration Options
	constants
	nondecimal	Nondecimal Data
	numeric	Scalar Constants
	regexp	Regexp Usage
	string	Scalar Constants
	types of	Constants
	`continue` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	continue program, in debugger	Debugger Execution Control
	`continue` statement	Continue Statement
	control statements	Statements
	controlling array scanning order	Controlling Scanning
	converting
	dates to timestamps	Time Functions
	integer array subscripts to strings	Numeric Array Subscripts
	numbers to strings	Strings And Numbers
	numbers to strings	Bitwise Functions
	string to lower case	String Functions
	string to numbers	Strings And Numbers
	string to numbers	String Functions
	string to numbers	Bitwise Functions
	string to upper case	String Functions
	`CONVFMT` variable	Strings And Numbers
	`CONVFMT` variable	User-modified
	array subscripts and	Numeric Array Subscripts
	cookie	Glossary
	coprocesses	Redirection
	coprocesses	Two-way I/O
	closing	Close Files And Pipes
	`getline` from	Getline/Coprocess
	`cos()` function	Numeric Functions
	cosine	Numeric Functions
	counting words, lines, characters, and bytes	Wc Program
	`cppawk`	Other Versions
	`csh` utility	Statements/Lines
	`\|&` operator, comparison with	Two-way I/O
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Options
	CSV (comma separated values) data
	`--csv` option	Options
	`-k` option	Options
	generating CSV data	To CSV Function
	parsing with `CSVMODE` library	More CSV
	parsing with `FPAT`	Splitting By Content
	records and fields	Comma Separated Fields
	`CSVMODE` library for `gawk`	More CSV
	`ctime()` user-defined function	Function Example
	Curreli, Marco	Contributors
	currency symbols, localization	Explaining gettext
	current namespace, pushing and popping	Changing The Namespace
	current source file, show in debugger	Debugger Info
	current system time	Time Functions
	`custom.h` file	Configuration Philosophy
	customized input parser	Input Parsers
	customized output wrapper	Output Wrappers
	customized two-way processor	Two-way processors
	`cut` utility	Cut Program
	`cut` utility	Cut Program
	`cut.awk` program	Cut Program

D
	`d` debugger command (alias for `delete`)	Breakpoint Control
	d.c., See dark corner
	dark corner	Conventions
	dark corner	Glossary
	`"0"` is actually true	Truth Values
	`/=` operator vs. `/=…/` regexp constant	Assignment Ops
	`^`, in `FS`	Regexp Field Splitting
	`ARGV` variable, value of	Executable Scripts
	array subscripts	Uninitialized Subscripts
	backslash continuation on command line	Statements/Lines
	`break` statement	Break Statement
	`close()` function	Close Return Value
	command line, backslash continuation on	Statements/Lines
	command-line arguments	Assignment Options
	`continue` statement	Continue Statement
	`CONVFMT` variable	Strings And Numbers
	empty programs	Command Line
	escape sequences	Other Arguments
	for metacharacters	Escape Sequences
	`exit` statement	Exit Statement
	field separators	Full Line Fields
	`FILENAME` variable	Getline Notes
	`FILENAME` variable	Auto-set
	`FNR`/`NR` variables	Auto-set
	format-control characters	Control Letters
	format-control characters	Control Letters
	`FS` as null string	Single Character Fields
	input files	awk split records
	invoking `awk`	Command Line
	`length()` function	String Functions
	locale’s decimal point character	Locale influences conversions
	multiline records	Multiple Line
	`NF` variable, decrementing	Changing Fields
	`OFMT` variable	OFMT
	parameter name restrictions	Definition Syntax
	range patterns, line continuation and	Ranges
	regexp as second argument to `index()`	String Functions
	regexp constants	Standard Regexp Constants
	`/=` operator and	Assignment Ops
	as arguments to user-defined functions	Standard Regexp Constants
	`split()` function	String Functions
	string continuation	Scalar Constants
	strings, storing	gawk split records
	value of `ARGV[0]`	Auto-set
	data-driven languages	Basic High Level
	data, fixed-width	Constant Size
	database
	group, reading	Group Functions
	users, reading	Passwd Functions
	`date` utility
	GNU	Time Functions
	POSIX	Time Functions
	dates
	converting to timestamps	Time Functions
	information related to, localization	Explaining gettext
	Davies, Stephen	Acknowledgments
	Davies, Stephen	Contributors
	Day, Robert P.J.	Acknowledgments
	`dcgettext()` function (`gawk`)	I18N Functions
	`dcgettext()` function (`gawk`)	Programmer i18n
	portability and	I18N Portability
	`dcngettext()` function (`gawk`)	I18N Functions
	`dcngettext()` function (`gawk`)	Programmer i18n
	portability and	I18N Portability
	deadlocks	Two-way I/O
	debugger
	capabilities	Debugging Concepts
	command completion	Readline Support
	commands
	`b` (`break`)	Finding The Bug
	`b` (`break`)	Breakpoint Control
	`backtrace`	Finding The Bug
	`backtrace`	Execution Stack
	`break`	Finding The Bug
	`break`	Breakpoint Control
	`breakpoint`	Finding The Bug
	`bt` (`backtrace`)	Finding The Bug
	`bt` (`backtrace`)	Execution Stack
	`c` (`continue`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`clear`	Breakpoint Control
	`commands`	Debugger Execution Control
	`condition`	Breakpoint Control
	`continue`	Debugger Execution Control
	`d` (`delete`)	Breakpoint Control
	`delete`	Breakpoint Control
	`disable`	Breakpoint Control
	`display`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`down`	Execution Stack
	`dump`	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`e` (`enable`)	Breakpoint Control
	`enable`	Breakpoint Control
	`end`	Debugger Execution Control
	`eval`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`f` (`frame`)	Execution Stack
	`finish`	Debugger Execution Control
	`frame`	Execution Stack
	`h` (`help`)	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`help`	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`i` (`info`)	Debugger Info
	`ignore`	Breakpoint Control
	`info`	Debugger Info
	`l` (`list`)	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`list`	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`n` (`next`)	Finding The Bug
	`n` (`next`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`next`	Finding The Bug
	`next`	Debugger Execution Control
	`nexti`	Debugger Execution Control
	`ni` (`nexti`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`o` (`option`)	Debugger Info
	`option`	Debugger Info
	`p` (`print`)	Finding The Bug
	`p` (`print`)	Viewing And Changing Data
	`print`	Finding The Bug
	`print`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`printf`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`q` (`quit`)	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`quit`	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`r` (`run`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`return`	Debugger Execution Control
	`run`	Finding The Bug
	`run`	Debugger Execution Control
	`s` (`step`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`set`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`si` (`stepi`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`silent`	Debugger Execution Control
	`step`	Debugger Execution Control
	`stepi`	Debugger Execution Control
	`t` (`tbreak`)	Breakpoint Control
	`tbreak`	Breakpoint Control
	`trace`	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`u` (`until`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`undisplay`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`until`	Debugger Execution Control
	`unwatch`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`up`	Execution Stack
	`w` (`watch`)	Viewing And Changing Data
	`watch`	Viewing And Changing Data
	`where` (`backtrace`)	Execution Stack
	concepts	Debugging Terms
	default list amount	Debugger Info
	history expansion	Readline Support
	history file	Debugger Info
	history size	Debugger Info
	how to start	Debugger Invocation
	instruction tracing	Debugger Info
	interaction with namespaces	Namespace And Features
	limitations	Limitations
	options	Debugger Info
	printing all array elements	Finding The Bug
	printing single array elements	Finding The Bug
	prompt	Debugger Invocation
	prompt	Debugger Info
	read commands from a file	Debugger Info
	repeating commands	List of Debugger Commands
	running the program	Finding The Bug
	save commands to a file	Debugger Info
	setting a breakpoint	Finding The Bug
	stack frames, showing	Finding The Bug
	debugging
	`awk` programs	Debugger
	example session	Sample Debugging Session
	debugging `gawk`, bug reports	Bugs
	decimal point character, locale specific	Options
	decrement operators	Increment Ops
	`default` keyword	Switch Statement
	Deifik, Scott	Acknowledgments
	Deifik, Scott	Contributors
	`delete` `array`	Delete
	delete breakpoint
	at location	Breakpoint Control
	by number	Breakpoint Control
	`delete` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	`delete` statement	Delete
	delete watchpoint	Viewing And Changing Data
	deleting
	elements in arrays	Delete
	entire arrays	Delete
	Demaille, Akim	Acknowledgments
	describe call stack frame, in debugger	Debugger Info
	differences in `awk` and `gawk`
	`ARGC`/`ARGV` variables	ARGC and ARGV
	`ARGIND` variable	Auto-set
	array elements, deleting	Delete
	`AWKLIBPATH` environment variable	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	`AWKPATH` environment variable	AWKPATH Variable
	`BEGIN`/`END` patterns	I/O And BEGIN/END
	`BEGINFILE`/`ENDFILE` patterns	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	`BINMODE` variable	User-modified
	`BINMODE` variable	PC Using
	`close()` function	Close Files And Pipes
	`close()` function	Close Return Value
	command-line directories	Command-line directories
	`ERRNO` variable	Auto-set
	error messages	Special FD
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable	User-modified
	`FPAT` variable	User-modified
	`FUNCTAB` variable	Auto-set
	function arguments	Calling Built-in
	`getline` function	Getline
	`IGNORECASE` variable	User-modified
	implementation limitations	Getline Notes
	implementation limitations	Redirection
	indirect function calls	Indirect Calls
	input/output operators	Getline/Coprocess
	input/output operators	Redirection
	`length()` function	String Functions
	line continuations	Conditional Exp
	`LINT` variable	User-modified
	`match()` function	String Functions
	`print`/`printf` statements	Format Modifiers
	`PROCINFO` array	Auto-set
	read timeouts	Read Timeout
	record separators	awk split records
	regexp constants	Standard Regexp Constants
	regular expressions	Case-sensitivity
	retrying input	Retrying Input
	`RS`/`RT` variables	awk split records
	`RS`/`RT` variables	gawk split records
	`RS`/`RT` variables	Multiple Line
	`RS`/`RT` variables	Auto-set
	single-character fields	Single Character Fields
	`split()` function	String Functions
	strings	Scalar Constants
	strings	Scalar Constants
	storing	gawk split records
	`SYMTAB` variable	Auto-set
	`TEXTDOMAIN` variable	User-modified
	trunc-mod operation	Arithmetic Ops
	directories
	command-line	Command-line directories
	searching
	for loadable extensions	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	for source files	AWKPATH Variable
	for source files	Programs Exercises
	disable breakpoint	Breakpoint Control
	`disable` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	`display` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	display debugger options	Debugger Info
	division	Arithmetic Ops
	`do`-`while` statement	Do Statement
	use of regexps in	Regexp Usage
	documentation
	building
	HTML	Building the Documentation
	Info files	Building the Documentation
	PDF	Building the Documentation
	of `awk` programs	Library Names
	online	Manual History
	documents, searching	Dupword Program
	dollar sign (`$`)
	`$` field operator	Fields
	`$` field operator	Precedence
	incrementing fields and arrays	Increment Ops
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	double quote (`"`)
	in regexp constants	Computed Regexps
	in shell commands	Quoting
	double-precision	Computer Arithmetic
	`down` debugger command	Execution Stack
	Drepper, Ulrich	Acknowledgments
	Duman, Patrice	Acknowledgments
	dump all variables of a program	Options
	`dump` debugger command	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`dupword.awk` program	Dupword Program
	dynamic profiling	Profiling
	dynamically loaded extensions	Dynamic Extensions

E
	`e` debugger command (alias for `enable`)	Breakpoint Control
	EBCDIC	Ordinal Functions
	EBCDIC	Ranges and Locales
	EBCDIC	History summary
	effective group ID of `gawk` user	Auto-set
	effective user ID of `gawk` user	Auto-set
	Eggert, Paul	Interval Expressions
	`egrep` utility	Bracket Expressions
	`egrep` utility	Egrep Program
	`egrep.awk` program	Egrep Program
	elements in arrays	Reference to Elements
	assigning values	Assigning Elements
	deleting	Delete
	order of access by `in` operator	Scanning an Array
	scanning	Scanning an Array
	email address for bug reports, bug-gawk@gnu.org	Bug address
	empty array elements	Reference to Elements
	empty pattern	Empty
	empty regexps	Regexp Operator Details
	empty strings, See null strings
	`EMRED`	TCP/IP Networking
	enable breakpoint	Breakpoint Control
	`enable` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	`end` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`END` pattern	BEGIN/END
	`END` pattern	Using BEGIN/END
	`@namespace` directive and	Changing The Namespace
	`assert()` user-defined function and	Assert Function
	Boolean patterns and	Expression Patterns
	`exit` statement and	Exit Statement
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	Next Statement
	operators and	Using BEGIN/END
	`print` statement and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	profiling and	Profiling
	`ENDFILE` pattern	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	`@namespace` directive and	Changing The Namespace
	Boolean patterns and	Expression Patterns
	`endfile()` user-defined function	Filetrans Function
	`endgrent()` function (C library)	Group Functions
	`endgrent()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`endpwent()` function (C library)	Passwd Functions
	`endpwent()` user-defined function	Passwd Functions
	English, Steve	Advanced Features
	`ENVIRON` array	Auto-set
	environment variables
	`AWK_HASH`	Other Environment Variables
	`AWKBUFSIZE`	Other Environment Variables
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Options
	`AWKLIBPATH`	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Loading Shared Libraries
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Invoking Summary
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Creating Arrays
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Using Internal File Ops
	`AWKLIBPATH`	POSIX/GNU
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Distribution contents
	`AWKLIBPATH`	Shell Startup Files
	`AWKPATH`	AWKPATH Variable
	`AWKPATH`	Include Files
	`AWKPATH`	Invoking Summary
	`AWKPATH`	Igawk Program
	`AWKPATH`	Igawk Program
	`AWKPATH`	Debugger Invocation
	`AWKPATH`	POSIX/GNU
	`AWKPATH`	Feature History
	`AWKPATH`	Distribution contents
	`AWKPATH`	Shell Startup Files
	`AWKPATH`	PC Using
	`AWKPATH`	OpenVMS Running
	`AWKREADFUNC`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_LOCALE_DIR`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_LOCALE_DIR`	Explaining gettext
	`GAWK_MSEC_SLEEP`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_MSG_SRC`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_NO_DFA`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_PERSIST_FILE`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_PERSIST_FILE`	Persistent Memory
	`GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT`	Read Timeout
	`GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES`	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES`	Nonfatal
	`GAWK_STACKSIZE`	Other Environment Variables
	in `ENVIRON` array	Auto-set
	`INT_CHAIN_MAX`	Other Environment Variables
	`LANG`	I18N Example
	`LANGUAGE`	Explaining gettext
	`LANGUAGE`	I18N Example
	`LC_ALL`	Split Program
	`LC_ALL`	I18N Example
	`LC_ALL`	Bug address
	`LC_MESSAGES`	I18N Example
	`Path`	PC Binary Installation
	`PATH`	Derived Files
	`PMA_VERBOSITY`	Other Environment Variables
	`PMA_VERBOSITY`	Persistent Memory
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT`	Options
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT`	Other Environment Variables
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT`	Invoking Summary
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT`	Locale influences conversions
	`REALLY_USE_PERSIST_MALLOC`	Persistent Memory
	`STR_CHAIN_MAX`	Other Environment Variables
	`TIDYMEM`	Other Environment Variables
	`TZ`	Auto-set
	used by `gawk`	Environment Variables
	environment, definition of	Glossary
	epoch, definition of	Glossary
	equals sign (`=`)
	`=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`==` operator	Comparison Operators
	`==` operator	Precedence
	EREs (Extended Regular Expressions)	Bracket Expressions
	`ERRNO` variable	Auto-set
	`ERRNO` variable	TCP/IP Networking
	with `BEGINFILE` pattern	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	with `close()` function	Close Return Value
	with `getline` function	Getline
	error handling	Special FD
	`ERRNO` variable and	Auto-set
	error output	Special FD
	escape processing
	`gsub()`/`gensub()`/`sub()` functions	Gory Details
	escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	escape sequences	See also backslash
	`eval` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	evaluate expressions, in debugger	Viewing And Changing Data
	evaluation order	Increment Ops
	concatenation	Concatenation
	functions	Calling Built-in
	examining fields	Fields
	example debugging session	Sample Debugging Session
	exclamation point (`!`)
	`!` operator	Boolean Ops
	`!` operator	Precedence
	`!` operator	Egrep Program
	`!=` operator	Comparison Operators
	`!=` operator	Precedence
	`!~` operator	Regexp Usage
	`!~` operator	Computed Regexps
	`!~` operator	Case-sensitivity
	`!~` operator	Regexp Constants
	`!~` operator	Comparison Operators
	`!~` operator	Comparison Operators
	`!~` operator	Precedence
	`!~` operator	Expression Patterns
	`exit` debugger command	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`exit` statement	Exit Statement
	exit status, of `gawk`	Exit Status
	on OpenVMS	OpenVMS Running
	exit the debugger	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	exit the debugger	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`exp()` function	Numeric Functions
	`expand` utility	Very Simple
	Expat XML parser library	gawkextlib
	exponent	Numeric Functions
	expressions	Expressions
	as patterns	Expression Patterns
	assignment	Assignment Ops
	Boolean	Boolean Ops
	comparison	Typing and Comparison
	conditional	Conditional Exp
	selecting	Conditional Exp
	expressions, matching, See comparison expressions
	Extended Regular Expressions (EREs)	Bracket Expressions
	extension API	Extension API Description
	informational variables	Extension API Informational Variables
	interaction with namespaces	Namespace And Features
	version number	Auto-set
	version number	Extension Versioning
	extensions
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	BTL
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Common Extensions
	common
	`**` operator	Arithmetic Ops
	`**=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`/dev/stderr` special file	Special FD
	`/dev/stdin` special file	Special FD
	`/dev/stdout` special file	Special FD
	`\u` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`\x` escape sequence	Escape Sequences
	`BINMODE` variable	PC Using
	`delete` to delete entire arrays	Delete
	`fflush()` function	I/O Functions
	`func` keyword	Definition Syntax
	`length()` applied to an array	String Functions
	`RS` as a regexp	gawk split records
	single character fields	Single Character Fields
	in `gawk`, not in POSIX `awk`	POSIX/GNU
	loadable
	allocating memory	Memory Allocation Functions
	array manipulation in	Array Manipulation
	distributed with `gawk`	Extension Samples
	example	Extension Example
	`gawkextlib` project	gawkextlib
	loading, `@load` directive	Loading Shared Libraries
	registration	Registration Functions
	search path	Finding Extensions
	`mawk`	Common Extensions
	`extract.awk` program	Extract Program
	extraction, of marked strings (internationalization)	String Extraction

F
	`f` debugger command (alias for `frame`)	Execution Stack
	false, logical	Truth Values
	FDL (Free Documentation License)	GNU Free Documentation License
	features
	adding to `gawk`	Adding Code
	deprecated	Obsolete
	undocumented	Undocumented
	Fenlason, Jay	History
	Fenlason, Jay	Contributors
	`fflush()` function	I/O Functions
	field numbers	Nonconstant Fields
	field operator `$`	Fields
	field operators, dollar sign as	Fields
	field separator	See also `OFS`
	field separator	Field Separators
	field separator	User-modified
	field separator	User-modified
	backslash (`\`) as	Command Line Field Separator
	choice of	Field Separators
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable and	User-modified
	`FPAT` variable and	User-modified
	`FS` variable and	Default Field Splitting
	in multiline records	Multiple Line
	on command line	Command Line Field Separator
	POSIX and	Full Line Fields
	regular expression as	Field Separators
	regular expression as	Regexp Field Splitting
	spaces as	Cut Program
	whitespace as	Default Field Splitting
	fields	Reading Files
	fields	Fields
	fields	Basic High Level
	adding	Changing Fields
	changing contents of	Changing Fields
	cutting	Cut Program
	examining	Fields
	number of	Fields
	numbers	Nonconstant Fields
	printing	Print Examples
	separating	Field Separators
	separating	Field Separators
	single-character	Single Character Fields
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable	Fixed width data
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable	User-modified
	file descriptors	Special FD
	file inclusion, `@include` directive	Include Files
	file names
	assignments as	Ignoring Assigns
	distinguishing	Auto-set
	in compatibility mode	Special Caveats
	standard streams in `gawk`	Special FD
	`FILENAME` variable	Reading Files
	`FILENAME` variable	Auto-set
	`getline`, setting with	Getline Notes
	files
	`.gmo`	Explaining gettext
	specifying directory of	Explaining gettext
	specifying directory of	Programmer i18n
	`.mo`, converting from `.po`	I18N Example
	`.po`	Explaining gettext
	`.po`	Translator i18n
	converting to `.mo`	I18N Example
	`.pot`	Explaining gettext
	`/dev/…` special files	Special FD
	`/inet/…` (`gawk`)	TCP/IP Networking
	`/inet4/…` (`gawk`)	TCP/IP Networking
	`/inet6/…` (`gawk`)	TCP/IP Networking
	`awk` programs in	Long
	`awkprof.out`	Profiling
	`awkvars.out`	Options
	closing	I/O Functions
	descriptors	Special FD
	group	Group Functions
	initialization and cleanup	Filetrans Function
	input	Read Terminal
	log, timestamps in	Time Functions
	managing	Data File Management
	data file boundaries	Filetrans Function
	message object	Explaining gettext
	converting from portable object files	I18N Example
	specifying directory of	Explaining gettext
	specifying directory of	Programmer i18n
	multiple passes over	Other Arguments
	multiple, duplicating output into	Tee Program
	output	Close Files And Pipes
	password	Passwd Functions
	portable object	Explaining gettext
	portable object	Translator i18n
	converting to message object files	I18N Example
	generating	Options
	template file (`.pot`)	Explaining gettext
	processing, `ARGIND` variable and	Auto-set
	reading	Rewind Function
	multiline records	Multiple Line
	searching for regular expressions	Egrep Program
	skipping	File Checking
	source, search path for	Programs Exercises
	splitting	Split Program
	Texinfo, extracting programs from	Extract Program
	find substring in string	String Functions
	finding extensions	Finding Extensions
	`finish` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	Fish, Fred	Contributors
	fixed-width data	Constant Size
	flag variables	Boolean Ops
	flag variables	Tee Program
	floating-point
	numbers	Computer Arithmetic
	arbitrary-precision	Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic
	arbitrary-precision	Computer Arithmetic
	double-precision	Computer Arithmetic
	single-precision	Computer Arithmetic
	flush buffered output	I/O Functions
	`fnmatch()` extension function	Extension Sample Fnmatch
	`FNR` variable	Records
	`FNR` variable	Auto-set
	changing	Auto-set
	`for` statement	For Statement
	looping over arrays	Scanning an Array
	`fork()` extension function	Extension Sample Fork
	format specifiers	Basic Printf
	mixing regular with positional specifiers	Printf Ordering
	`printf` statement	Control Letters
	`strftime()` function (`gawk`)	Time Functions
	format time string	Time Functions
	formats, numeric output	OFMT
	formatting
	output	Printf
	strings	String Functions
	forward slash (`/`)
	`/` operator	Precedence
	`/=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`/=` operator	Precedence
	vs. `/=…/` regexp constant	Assignment Ops
	patterns and	Expression Patterns
	to enclose regular expressions	Regexp
	`FPAT` variable	Splitting By Content
	`FPAT` variable	User-modified
	`frame` debugger command	Execution Stack
	`frawk`	Other Versions
	Free Documentation License (FDL)	GNU Free Documentation License
	Free Software Foundation (FSF)	Manual History
	Free Software Foundation (FSF)	Getting
	Free Software Foundation (FSF)	Glossary
	Free Software Foundation (FSF)	Glossary
	FreeBSD	Glossary
	`FS` variable	Field Separators
	`FS` variable	User-modified
	`--field-separator` option and	Options
	changing value of	Field Separators
	containing `^`	Regexp Field Splitting
	in multiline records	Multiple Line
	null string as	Single Character Fields
	running `awk` programs and	Cut Program
	setting from command line	Command Line Field Separator
	TAB character as	Options
	FSF (Free Software Foundation)	Manual History
	FSF (Free Software Foundation)	Getting
	FSF (Free Software Foundation)	Glossary
	FSF (Free Software Foundation)	Glossary
	`fts()` extension function	Extension Sample File Functions
	`FUNCTAB` array	Auto-set
	function arguments, show in debugger	Debugger Info
	function calls	Function Calls
	indirect	Indirect Calls
	`@`-notation for	Indirect Calls
	function definition example	Function Example
	function definitions, list in debugger	Debugger Info
	function pointers	Indirect Calls
	functions
	arrays as parameters to	Pass By Value/Reference
	built-in	Function Calls
	built-in	Functions
	evaluation order	Calling Built-in
	defining	Definition Syntax
	library	Library Functions
	assertions	Assert Function
	associative arrays and	Library Names
	C library	Getopt Function
	character values as numbers	Ordinal Functions
	Cliff random numbers	Cliff Random Function
	command-line options	Getopt Function
	example program for using	Igawk Program
	group database, reading	Group Functions
	managing data files	Data File Management
	managing time	Getlocaltime Function
	merging arrays into strings	Join Function
	rounding numbers	Round Function
	user database, reading	Passwd Functions
	names of	Definition Syntax
	recursive	Definition Syntax
	string-translation	I18N Functions
	undefined	Function Caveats
	user-defined	User-defined
	calling	Function Calling
	counts, in a profile	Profiling
	library of	Library Functions
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	Next Statement
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	Nextfile Statement

G
	G-d	Acknowledgments
	G., Daniel Richard	Acknowledgments
	G., Daniel Richard	Maintainers
	Gardner, Ray	Other Versions
	Garfinkle, Scott	Contributors
	`gawk`	Preface
	`gawk`	See also `awk`
	`gawk`
	`ARGIND` variable in	Other Arguments
	`awk` and	Preface
	`awk` and	This Manual
	bitwise operations in	Bitwise Functions
	`break` statement in	Break Statement
	character classes and	Bracket Expressions
	coding style in	Adding Code
	command-line options, regular expressions and	GNU Regexp Operators
	configuring	Configuration Philosophy
	options	Additional Configuration Options
	`continue` statement in	Continue Statement
	distribution	Distribution contents
	dynamic profiling	Profiling
	`ERRNO` variable in	Getline
	`ERRNO` variable in	Close Return Value
	`ERRNO` variable in	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	`ERRNO` variable in	Auto-set
	`ERRNO` variable in	TCP/IP Networking
	escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	extensions, disabling	Options
	features
	adding	Adding Code
	advanced	Advanced Features
	field separators and	User-modified
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable in	Fixed width data
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable in	User-modified
	file names in	Special Files
	format-control characters	Control Letters
	format-control characters	Control Letters
	`FPAT` variable in	Splitting By Content
	`FPAT` variable in	User-modified
	`FUNCTAB` array in	Auto-set
	function arguments and	Calling Built-in
	hexadecimal numbers and	Nondecimal-numbers
	`IGNORECASE` variable in	Case-sensitivity
	`IGNORECASE` variable in	User-modified
	`IGNORECASE` variable in	Array Intro
	`IGNORECASE` variable in	String Functions
	`IGNORECASE` variable in	Array Sorting Functions
	implementation issues	Notes
	debugging	Compatibility Mode
	downward compatibility	Compatibility Mode
	limits	Getline Notes
	pipes	Redirection
	installing	Installation
	internationalization	Internationalization
	interpreter, adding code to	Using Internal File Ops
	interval expressions and	Interval Expressions
	line continuation in	Conditional Exp
	`LINT` variable in	User-modified
	list of contributors to	Contributors
	MS-Windows version of	PC Using
	newlines in	Statements/Lines
	octal numbers and	Nondecimal-numbers
	OpenVMS version of	OpenVMS Installation
	predefined variables and	Built-in Variables
	`PROCINFO` array in	Other Arguments
	`PROCINFO` array in	Auto-set
	`PROCINFO` array in	Time Functions
	`PROCINFO` array in	Two-way I/O
	profiling programs	Profiling
	regexp constants and	Standard Regexp Constants
	regular expressions
	case sensitivity	Case-sensitivity
	operators	GNU Regexp Operators
	precedence	Regexp Operator Details
	`RT` variable in	awk split records
	`RT` variable in	gawk split records
	`RT` variable in	Multiple Line
	`RT` variable in	Auto-set
	source code, obtaining	Getting
	splitting fields and	Testing field creation
	string-translation functions	I18N Functions
	`SYMTAB` array in	Auto-set
	`TEXTDOMAIN` variable in	User-modified
	timestamps	Time Functions
	uses for	Preface
	version of	Auto-set
	printing information about	Options
	word-boundary operator	GNU Regexp Operators
	`GAWK_LOCALE_DIR` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_LOCALE_DIR` environment variable	Explaining gettext
	`GAWK_MSEC_SLEEP` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_MSG_SRC` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_NO_DFA` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_PERSIST_FILE` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_PERSIST_FILE` environment variable	Persistent Memory
	`GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT` environment variable	Read Timeout
	`GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES` environment variable	Nonfatal
	`GAWK_STACKSIZE` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`gawkbug` utility	Bug address
	`gawkextlib` project	gawkextlib
	`gawklibpath_append` shell function	Shell Startup Files
	`gawklibpath_default` shell function	Shell Startup Files
	`gawklibpath_prepend` shell function	Shell Startup Files
	`gawkpath_append` shell function	Shell Startup Files
	`gawkpath_default` shell function	Shell Startup Files
	`gawkpath_prepend` shell function	Shell Startup Files
	General Public License, See GPL
	generate time values	Time Functions
	`gensub()` function (`gawk`)	Standard Regexp Constants
	`gensub()` function (`gawk`)	String Functions
	escape processing	Gory Details
	`getaddrinfo()` function (C library)	TCP/IP Networking
	`getgrent()` function (C library)	Group Functions
	`getgrent()` function (C library)	Group Functions
	`getgrent()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`getgrent()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`getgrgid()` function (C library)	Group Functions
	`getgrgid()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`getgrnam()` function (C library)	Group Functions
	`getgrnam()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`getgruser()` function (C library)	Group Functions
	`getgruser()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`getline` function	Reading Files
	`_gr_init()` user-defined function	Group Functions
	`_pw_init()` function	Passwd Functions
	`BEGINFILE`/`ENDFILE` patterns and	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	coprocesses, using from	Getline/Coprocess
	coprocesses, using from	Close Files And Pipes
	deadlock and	Two-way I/O
	explicit input with	Getline
	`FILENAME` variable and	Getline Notes
	from a file	Getline/File
	into a variable	Getline/Variable
	return values	Getline
	variants	Getline Summary
	`getline()` function	Getline
	`getlocaltime()` user-defined function	Getlocaltime Function
	`getopt()` function (C library)	Getopt Function
	`getopt()` user-defined function	Getopt Function
	`getopt()` user-defined function	Getopt Function
	`getpwent()` function (C library)	Passwd Functions
	`getpwent()` function (C library)	Passwd Functions
	`getpwent()` user-defined function	Passwd Functions
	`getpwent()` user-defined function	Passwd Functions
	`getpwnam()` function (C library)	Passwd Functions
	`getpwnam()` user-defined function	Passwd Functions
	`getpwuid()` function (C library)	Passwd Functions
	`getpwuid()` user-defined function	Passwd Functions
	`gettext` library	Explaining gettext
	locale categories	Explaining gettext
	`gettext()` function (C library)	Explaining gettext
	`gettimeofday()` extension function	Extension Sample Time
	Ghostbusters	Gory Details
	`git` utility	gawkextlib
	`git` utility	Other Versions
	`git` utility	Accessing The Source
	`git` utility	Adding Code
	Git, use of for `gawk` source code	Derived Files
	global variables, show in debugger	Debugger Info
	GMP values, API ownership of	API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values
	GNITS mailing list	Acknowledgments
	GNU `awk`, See `gawk`
	GNU Free Documentation License	GNU Free Documentation License
	GNU General Public License, See GPL
	GNU Lesser General Public License	Glossary
	GNU long options	Command Line
	GNU long options	Options
	printing list of	Options
	GNU Project	Manual History
	GNU Project	Glossary
	GNU/Linux	Manual History
	GNU/Linux	I18N Example
	GNU/Linux	Glossary
	Go implementation of `awk`	Other Versions
	`goawk`	Other Versions
	Gordon, Assaf	Contributors
	GPL (General Public License)	Manual History
	GPL (General Public License)	Glossary
	printing	Options
	`grcat` program	Group Functions
	Grigera, Juan	Contributors
	group database, reading	Group Functions
	group file	Group Functions
	group ID of `gawk` user	Auto-set
	groups, information about	Group Functions
	`gsub()` function	Standard Regexp Constants
	`gsub()` function	String Functions
	arguments of	String Functions
	escape processing	Gory Details
	Guerrero, Juan Manuel	Acknowledgments
	Guerrero, Juan Manuel	Contributors

H
	`h` debugger command (alias for `help`)	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	Hankerson, Darrel	Acknowledgments
	Hankerson, Darrel	Contributors
	Haque, John	Contributors
	Hartholz
	Elaine	Acknowledgments
	Marshall	Acknowledgments
	Hasegawa, Isamu	Contributors
	`help` debugger command	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	hexadecimal numbers	Nondecimal-numbers
	hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of	Options
	history expansion, in debugger	Readline Support
	`histsort.awk` program	History Sorting
	Hughes, Phil	Acknowledgments
	`HUP` signal, for dynamic profiling	Profiling
	hyphen (`-`)
	`-` operator	Precedence
	`-` operator	Precedence
	`--` end of options marker	Options
	`--` operator	Increment Ops
	`--` operator	Precedence
	`-=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`-=` operator	Precedence
	file names beginning with	Options
	in bracket expressions	Bracket Expressions

I
	`i` debugger command (alias for `info`)	Debugger Info
	`id` utility	Id Program
	`id.awk` program	Id Program
	`if` statement	If Statement
	actions, changing	Ranges
	use of regexps in	Regexp Usage
	`igawk.sh` program	Igawk Program
	ignore breakpoint	Breakpoint Control
	`ignore` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	`IGNORECASE` variable	User-modified
	array indices and	Array Intro
	array sorting functions and	Array Sorting Functions
	in example programs	Library Functions
	with `~` and `!~` operators	Case-sensitivity
	Illumos, POSIX-compliant `awk`	Other Versions
	implementation issues, `gawk`	Notes
	debugging	Compatibility Mode
	limits	Getline Notes
	limits	Redirection
	implicit namespace	Changing The Namespace
	`in` operator	Comparison Operators
	`in` operator	Precedence
	`in` operator	For Statement
	index existence in multidimensional arrays	Multidimensional
	order of array access	Scanning an Array
	testing if array element exists	Reference to Elements
	use in loops	Scanning an Array
	`@include` directive	Options
	`@include` directive	Include Files
	`@include` directive	Glossary
	including files, `@include` directive	Include Files
	increment operators	Increment Ops
	`index()` function	String Functions
	indexing arrays	Array Intro
	indirect function calls	Indirect Calls
	`@`-notation	Indirect Calls
	infinite precision	Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic
	`info` debugger command	Debugger Info
	initialization, automatic	More Complex
	`inplace` extension	Extension Sample Inplace
	input
	data, nondecimal	Nondecimal Data
	explicit	Getline
	multiline records	Multiple Line
	splitting into records	Records
	standard	Read Terminal
	standard	Special FD
	input files	Reading Files
	closing	Close Files And Pipes
	counting elements in	Wc Program
	examples	Sample Data Files
	reading	Reading Files
	running `awk` without	Read Terminal
	running `awk` without	Read Terminal
	variable assignments and	Other Arguments
	input pipeline	Getline/Pipe
	input record, length of	String Functions
	input redirection	Getline/File
	input, files, See input files
	input/output
	binary	User-modified
	from `BEGIN` and `END`	I/O And BEGIN/END
	functions	I/O Functions
	two-way	Two-way I/O
	insomnia, cure for	Alarm Program
	installing `gawk`	Installation
	Cygwin	Cygwin
	MS-Windows	PC Binary Installation
	OpenVMS	OpenVMS Installation
	instruction tracing, in debugger	Debugger Info
	instructions, trace of internal	Options
	`INT` signal (MS-Windows)	Profiling
	`INT_CHAIN_MAX` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`int()` function	Numeric Functions
	integer array indices	Numeric Array Subscripts
	integers
	arbitrary precision	Arbitrary Precision Integers
	unsigned	Computer Arithmetic
	interacting with other programs	I/O Functions
	internationalization	I18N Functions
	internationalization	I18N and L10N
	localization	User-modified
	localization	Internationalization
	localization	I18N and L10N
	character classes	Bracket Expressions
	currency symbols	Explaining gettext
	`gawk` and	Internationalization
	locale categories	Explaining gettext
	marked strings	Programmer i18n
	monetary information	Explaining gettext
	portability and	I18N Portability
	internationalizing a program	Explaining gettext
	interpreted programs	Basic High Level
	interpreted programs	Glossary
	interval expressions, regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	`inventory-shipped` file	Sample Data Files
	invoke shell command	I/O Functions
	`isarray()` function (`gawk`)	Type Functions
	`isnumeric()` user-defined function	Isnumeric Function
	ISO	Glossary
	ISO 8601 date and time standard	Time Functions
	ISO 8859-1 character set	Glossary
	ISO Latin-1 character set	Glossary

J
	Jacobs, Andrew	Passwd Functions
	Jaegermann, Michal	Acknowledgments
	Jaegermann, Michal	Contributors
	Jannick	Contributors
	Java implementation of `awk`	Other Versions
	Java programming language	Glossary
	`jawk`	Other Versions
	jedi knights	Undocumented
	Johansen, Chris	Signature Program
	`join()` user-defined function	Join Function

K
	Kahrs, Jürgen	Acknowledgments
	Kahrs, Jürgen	Contributors
	Kasal, Stepan	Acknowledgments
	Kelly, Terence	Persistent Memory
	Kelly, Terence	Persistent Memory
	Kelly, Terence	Feature History
	Kenobi, Obi-Wan	Undocumented
	Kernighan, Brian	History
	Kernighan, Brian	Acknowledgments
	Kernighan, Brian	BTL
	Kernighan, Brian	Contributors
	Kernighan, Brian	Other Versions
	Kernighan, Brian	Other Versions
	Kernighan, Brian	Basic Data Typing
	Kernighan, Brian	Glossary
	quotes	Conventions
	quotes	Comma Separated Fields
	quotes	Getline/Pipe
	quotes	Concatenation
	quotes	Library Functions
	quotes	Programs Exercises
	`kill` command, dynamic profiling	Profiling
	knights, jedi	Undocumented
	Kwok, Conrad	Contributors

L
	`l` debugger command (alias for `list`)	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`labels.awk` program	Labels Program
	`LANG` environment variable	I18N Example
	Langston, Peter	Advanced Features
	`LANGUAGE` environment variable	Explaining gettext
	`LANGUAGE` environment variable	I18N Example
	languages, data-driven	Basic High Level
	`LC_ALL` environment variable	Split Program
	`LC_ALL` environment variable	I18N Example
	`LC_ALL` environment variable	Bug address
	`LC_ALL` locale category	Explaining gettext
	`LC_COLLATE` locale category	Explaining gettext
	`LC_CTYPE` locale category	Explaining gettext
	`LC_MESSAGES` environment variable	I18N Example
	`LC_MESSAGES` locale category	Explaining gettext
	`bindtextdomain()` function (`gawk`)	Programmer i18n
	`LC_MONETARY` locale category	Explaining gettext
	`LC_NUMERIC` locale category	Explaining gettext
	`LC_TIME` locale category	Explaining gettext
	left angle bracket (`<`)
	`<` operator	Comparison Operators
	`<` operator	Precedence
	`<` operator (I/O)	Getline/File
	`<=` operator	Comparison Operators
	`<=` operator	Precedence
	left shift, bitwise	Bitwise Functions
	leftmost longest match	Multiple Line
	length of input record	String Functions
	length of string	String Functions
	`length()` function	String Functions
	Lesser General Public License (LGPL)	Glossary
	LGPL (Lesser General Public License)	Glossary
	libmawk	Other Versions
	libraries of `awk` functions	Library Functions
	assertions	Assert Function
	associative arrays and	Library Names
	character values as numbers	Ordinal Functions
	command-line options	Getopt Function
	example program for using	Igawk Program
	group database, reading	Group Functions
	managing
	data files	Data File Management
	time	Getlocaltime Function
	merging arrays into strings	Join Function
	rounding numbers	Round Function
	user database, reading	Passwd Functions
	line breaks	Statements/Lines
	line continuations	Boolean Ops
	`gawk`	Conditional Exp
	in `print` statement	Print Examples
	with C shell	Statements/Lines
	lines
	blank, printing	Print
	counting	Wc Program
	duplicate, removing	History Sorting
	matching ranges of	Ranges
	skipping between markers	Ranges
	lint checking	User-modified
	array subscripts	Uninitialized Subscripts
	array subscripts	Delete
	empty programs	Command Line
	issuing warnings	Options
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Options
	undefined functions	Function Caveats
	`LINT` variable	User-modified
	Linux, See GNU/Linux
	list all global variables, in debugger	Debugger Info
	`list` debugger command	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	list function definitions, in debugger	Debugger Info
	`@load` directive	Options
	`@load` directive	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	`@load` directive	Loading Shared Libraries
	`@load` directive	Auto-set
	`@load` directive	Using extensions
	`@load` directive	Using Internal File Ops
	loading extensions	Options
	`@load` directive	Loading Shared Libraries
	local variables
	in a function	Variable Scope
	show in debugger	Debugger Info
	locale categories	Explaining gettext
	locale decimal point character	Options
	locale, definition of	Locales
	localization, See internationalization, localization
	log files, timestamps in	Time Functions
	`log()` function	Numeric Functions
	logarithm	Numeric Functions
	logical false/true	Truth Values
	logical operators, See Boolean expressions
	login information	Passwd Functions
	long options	Command Line
	loops	While Statement
	loops	See also `while` statement
	loops
	`break` statement and	Break Statement
	`continue` statement and	For Statement
	count for header, in a profile	Profiling
	`do`-`while`	Do Statement
	exiting	Break Statement
	`for`
	array scanning	Scanning an Array
	iterative	For Statement
	`while`	While Statement
	`ls` utility	Very Simple
	`ls` utility	More Complex
	`lshift()` function (`gawk`)	Bitwise Functions
	lvalues/rvalues	Assignment Ops

M
	`mail-list` file	Sample Data Files
	mailing labels, printing	Labels Program
	mailing list, GNITS	Acknowledgments
	Malmberg, John	Acknowledgments
	Malmberg, John	Contributors
	Malmberg, John	Maintainers
	mark parity	Ordinal Functions
	marked string extraction (internationalization)	String Extraction
	Marx, Groucho	Increment Ops
	match regexp in string	String Functions
	`match()` function	String Functions
	`RSTART`/`RLENGTH` variables	String Functions
	side effects	String Functions
	matching
	expressions	Typing and Comparison
	leftmost longest	Multiple Line
	null strings	String Functions
	`mawk` utility	Escape Sequences
	`mawk` utility	Getline/Pipe
	`mawk` utility	Concatenation
	`mawk` utility	Nextfile Statement
	`mawk` utility	Other Versions
	maximum precision supported by MPFR library	Auto-set
	McIlroy, Doug	Glossary
	McPhee, Patrick T.J.	Contributors
	memory, allocating for extensions	Memory Allocation Functions
	message object files	Explaining gettext
	converting from portable object files	I18N Example
	specifying directory of	Explaining gettext
	specifying directory of	Programmer i18n
	messages from extensions	Printing Messages
	metacharacters
	escape sequences for	Escape Sequences
	in regular expressions	Regexp Operators
	minimum precision required by MPFR library	Auto-set
	Minshall, Greg	Getopt Function
	`mkbool()` function (`gawk`)	Boolean Functions
	`mktime()` function (`gawk`)	Time Functions
	modifiers, in format specifiers	Format Modifiers
	module, definition of	Global Namespace
	monetary information, localization	Explaining gettext
	Moon, Sailor	Internationalization
	Moore, Duncan	Getline Notes
	MPFR library, building with	Compiling with MPFR
	MPFR values, API ownership of	API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values
	MPFR, checking for	Checking for MPFR
	`msgfmt` utility	I18N Example
	multiple precision	Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic
	multiple-line records	Multiple Line

N
	`n` debugger command (alias for `next`)	Debugger Execution Control
	name management	Internal Name Management
	names
	arrays/variables	Library Names
	functions	Definition Syntax
	functions	Library Names
	namespace
	`awk`	Default Namespace
	default	Default Namespace
	definition of	Global Namespace
	example code	Namespace Example
	implicit	Changing The Namespace
	pushing and popping	Changing The Namespace
	standard `awk`, global	Global Namespace
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Options
	`@namespace` directive	Changing The Namespace
	`@namespace` directive	Changing The Namespace
	`@namespace` directive	Namespace And Features
	namespaces
	backwards compatibility	Namespace Summary
	changing	Changing The Namespace
	interaction with
	debugger	Namespace And Features
	extension API	Namespace And Features
	pretty printer	Namespace And Features
	profiler	Namespace And Features
	naming rules	Naming Rules
	qualified names	Qualified Names
	naming issues	Library Names
	functions	Definition Syntax
	naming rules, namespace and component names	Naming Rules
	Neacsu, Mircea	Other Versions
	NetBSD	Glossary
	networks
	programming	TCP/IP Networking
	support for	Special Network
	newlines	Statements/Lines
	newlines	Options
	newlines	Boolean Ops
	as record separators	awk split records
	in dynamic regexps	Computed Regexps
	in regexp constants	Computed Regexps
	printing	Print Examples
	separating statements in actions	Action Overview
	separating statements in actions	Statements
	`next` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`next file` statement	Feature History
	`next` statement	Boolean Ops
	`next` statement	Next Statement
	`BEGIN`/`END` patterns and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	`BEGINFILE`/`ENDFILE` patterns and	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	user-defined functions and	Next Statement
	`nextfile` statement	Nextfile Statement
	`BEGIN`/`END` patterns and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	`BEGINFILE`/`ENDFILE` patterns and	BEGINFILE/ENDFILE
	user-defined functions and	Nextfile Statement
	`nexti` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`NF` variable	Fields
	`NF` variable	Auto-set
	decrementing	Changing Fields
	`ni` debugger command (alias for `nexti`)	Debugger Execution Control
	`noassign.awk` program	Ignoring Assigns
	non-existent array elements	Reference to Elements
	nonfatal output	Nonfatal
	not Boolean-logic operator	Boolean Ops
	`NR` variable	Records
	`NR` variable	Auto-set
	changing	Auto-set
	null strings	awk split records
	null strings	Regexp Field Splitting
	null strings	Truth Values
	null strings	Basic Data Typing
	as array subscripts	Uninitialized Subscripts
	converting numbers to strings	Strings And Numbers
	deleting array elements and	Delete
	in `gawk` arguments, quoting and	Quoting
	in `gawk` arguments, quoting and	Other Arguments
	matching	String Functions
	number of array elements	String Functions
	number sign (`#`)
	`#!` (executable scripts)	Executable Scripts
	commenting	Comments
	numbers
	as array subscripts	Numeric Array Subscripts
	as string of bits	Bitwise Functions
	as values of characters	Ordinal Functions
	Cliff random	Cliff Random Function
	converting	Strings And Numbers
	converting	Bitwise Functions
	to strings	User-modified
	to strings	User-modified
	hexadecimal	Nondecimal-numbers
	octal	Nondecimal-numbers
	rounding	Round Function
	numeric
	constants	Scalar Constants
	functions	Numeric Functions
	output format	OFMT
	strings	Variable Typing

O
	`o` debugger command (alias for `option`)	Debugger Info
	obsolete features	Obsolete
	octal numbers	Nondecimal-numbers
	octal values, enabling interpretation of	Options
	`OFMT` variable	OFMT
	`OFMT` variable	Strings And Numbers
	`OFMT` variable	User-modified
	POSIX `awk` and	OFMT
	`OFS` variable	Changing Fields
	`OFS` variable	Output Separators
	`OFS` variable	User-modified
	op-codes, trace of internal	Options
	OpenBSD	Glossary
	OpenSolaris	Other Versions
	operating systems	Installation
	operating systems	See also GNU/Linux
	operating systems	See also PC operating systems
	operating systems	See also Unix
	operating systems
	BSD-based	Manual History
	PC, `gawk` on	PC Using
	installing	PC Installation
	porting `gawk` to	New Ports
	operations, bitwise	Bitwise Functions
	operators
	arithmetic	Arithmetic Ops
	assignment	Assignment Ops
	assignment	Assignment Ops
	evaluation order	Assignment Ops
	comparison	Comparison Operators
	decrement/increment	Increment Ops
	GNU-specific	GNU Regexp Operators
	input/output	Getline/File
	input/output	Getline/Pipe
	input/output	Getline/Coprocess
	input/output	Redirection
	input/output	Redirection
	input/output	Precedence
	input/output	Precedence
	input/output	Precedence
	precedence of	Increment Ops
	precedence of	Precedence
	short-circuit	Boolean Ops
	string	Concatenation
	string-matching	Regexp Usage
	for buffers	GNU Regexp Operators
	word-boundary (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	operators, Boolean, See Boolean expressions
	operators, logical, See Boolean expressions
	operators, relational, See operators, comparison
	`option` debugger command	Debugger Info
	options
	command-line	Options
	end of	Options
	invoking `awk`	Command Line
	processing	Getopt Function
	deprecated	Obsolete
	long	Command Line
	long	Options
	printing list of	Options
	OR bitwise operation	Bitwise Functions
	or Boolean-logic operator	Boolean Ops
	`or()` function (`gawk`)	Bitwise Functions
	`ord()` extension function	Extension Sample Ord
	`ord()` user-defined function	Ordinal Functions
	order of evaluation, concatenation	Concatenation
	`ORS` variable	Output Separators
	`ORS` variable	User-modified
	output
	buffering	I/O Functions
	buffering	I/O Functions
	duplicating into files	Tee Program
	files, closing	Close Files And Pipes
	format specifier, `OFMT`	OFMT
	formatted	Printf
	pipes	Redirection
	records	Output Separators
	standard	Special FD
	output field separator, See `OFS` variable
	output record separator, See `ORS` variable
	output redirection	Redirection
	output wrapper	Output Wrappers
	output, nonfatal	Nonfatal
	output, printing, See printing

P
	`p` debugger command (alias for `print`)	Viewing And Changing Data
	package, definition of	Global Namespace
	Papadopoulos, Panos	Contributors
	parent process ID of `gawk` process	Auto-set
	parentheses `()`
	in a profile	Profiling
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	password file	Passwd Functions
	`Path` environment variable	PC Binary Installation
	`PATH` environment variable	Derived Files
	`patsplit()` function (`gawk`)	String Functions
	patterns	Patterns and Actions
	Boolean expressions as	Expression Patterns
	comparison expressions as	Expression Patterns
	counts, in a profile	Profiling
	default	Very Simple
	empty	Empty
	expressions as	Expression Patterns
	ranges in	Ranges
	regexp constants as	Regexp Usage
	regexp constants as	Regexp Patterns
	regexp constants as	Expression Patterns
	types of	Pattern Overview
	`pawk` (profiling version of Brian Kernighan’s `awk`)	Other Versions
	`pawk`, `awk`-like facilities for Python	Other Versions
	PC operating systems, `gawk` on	PC Using
	installing	PC Installation
	percent sign (`%`)
	`%` operator	Precedence
	`%=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`%=` operator	Precedence
	performance, checking issues	Performance bugs
	period (`.`), regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	Perl	Future Extensions
	persistent memory	Persistent Memory
	compiled into `gawk`	Auto-set
	Peters, Arno	Contributors
	Peterson, Hal	Contributors
	pipe
	closing	Close Files And Pipes
	input	Getline/Pipe
	output	Redirection
	pipe output, speeding up	Noflush
	platform running on	Auto-set
	Plauger, P.J.	Library Functions
	plug-in	Extension Intro
	plus sign (`+`)
	`+` operator	Precedence
	`+` operator	Precedence
	`++` operator	Increment Ops
	`++` operator	Increment Ops
	`++` operator	Precedence
	`+=` operator	Assignment Ops
	`+=` operator	Precedence
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	PMA memory allocator	Auto-set
	PMA memory allocator	Persistent Memory
	`PMA_VERBOSITY` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`PMA_VERBOSITY` environment variable	Persistent Memory
	pointers to functions	Indirect Calls
	portability	Escape Sequences
	`**` operator and	Arithmetic Ops
	`**=` operator and	Assignment Ops
	`#!` (executable scripts)	Executable Scripts
	`ARGV` variable	Executable Scripts
	backslash continuation and	Statements/Lines
	backslash in escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	`close()` function and	Close Files And Pipes
	data files as single record	gawk split records
	deleting array elements	Delete
	example programs	Library Functions
	functions, defining	Definition Syntax
	`gawk`	New Ports
	`gettext` library and	Explaining gettext
	internationalization and	I18N Portability
	`length()` function	String Functions
	new `awk` vs. old `awk`	Strings And Numbers
	`next` statement in user-defined functions	Function Caveats
	`NF` variable, decrementing	Changing Fields
	operators	Increment Ops
	not in POSIX `awk`	Precedence
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Options
	`substr()` function	String Functions
	portable object
	files	Explaining gettext
	files	Translator i18n
	converting to message object files	I18N Example
	generating	Options
	template files	Explaining gettext
	porting `gawk`	New Ports
	positional specifiers, `printf` statement	Format Modifiers
	positional specifiers, `printf` statement	Printf Ordering
	mixing with regular formats	Printf Ordering
	POSIX
	`awk` and	Preface
	`gawk` extensions not included in	POSIX/GNU
	programs, implementing in `awk`	Clones
	POSIX `awk`	This Manual
	POSIX `awk`	Assignment Ops
	`**` operator and	Precedence
	`**=` operator and	Assignment Ops
	`<` operator and	Getline/File
	`\|` I/O operator and	Getline/Pipe
	arithmetic operators and	Arithmetic Ops
	backslashes in string constants	Escape Sequences
	`BEGIN`/`END` patterns	I/O And BEGIN/END
	bracket expressions and	Bracket Expressions
	character classes	Bracket Expressions
	character classes	Bracket Expressions
	`break` statement and	Break Statement
	changes in `awk` versions	POSIX
	`continue` statement and	Continue Statement
	`CONVFMT` variable and	User-modified
	`date` utility and	Time Functions
	field separators and	Full Line Fields
	`function` keyword in	Definition Syntax
	functions and
	`gsub()`/`sub()`	Gory Details
	`length()`	String Functions
	GNU long options and	Options
	interval expressions in	Interval Expressions
	`next`/`nextfile` statements and	Next Statement
	numeric strings and	Variable Typing
	`OFMT` variable and	OFMT
	`OFMT` variable and	Strings And Numbers
	period (`.`), using	Regexp Operator Details
	`printf` format strings and	Format Modifiers
	regular expressions and	Regexp Operator Details
	timestamps and	Time Functions
	POSIX mode	Options
	POSIX mode	Options
	POSIX mode	Regexp Operator Details
	POSIX mode	Input Summary
	POSIX mode	Special Caveats
	POSIX mode	Close Return Value
	POSIX mode	Scalar Constants
	POSIX mode	Locale influences conversions
	POSIX mode	POSIX String Comparison
	POSIX mode	POSIX String Comparison
	POSIX mode	String Functions
	POSIX mode	Controlling Array Traversal
	POSIX mode	POSIX Floating Point Problems
	POSIX mode	Feature History
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Options
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Invoking Summary
	`POSIXLY_CORRECT` environment variable	Locale influences conversions
	`PREC` variable	User-modified
	precedence	Increment Ops
	precedence	Precedence
	regexp operators	Regexp Operator Details
	predefined variables	Built-in Variables
	`-v` option, setting with	Options
	conveying information	Auto-set
	user-modifiable	User-modified
	pretty printer, interaction with namespaces	Namespace And Features
	pretty printing	Options
	pretty printing	Profiling
	profiling, difference with	Profiling
	`print` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	`print` statement	Printing
	`print` statement	See also redirection of output
	`print` statement
	`BEGIN`/`END` patterns and	I/O And BEGIN/END
	commas, omitting	Print Examples
	I/O operators in	Precedence
	line continuations and	Print Examples
	`OFMT` variable and	User-modified
	`sprintf()` function and	Round Function
	print variables, in debugger	Viewing And Changing Data
	`printf` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	`printf` statement	Printing
	`printf` statement	Printf
	`printf` statement	See also redirection of output
	`printf` statement
	columns, aligning	Print Examples
	format-control characters	Control Letters
	I/O operators in	Precedence
	modifiers	Format Modifiers
	positional specifiers	Format Modifiers
	positional specifiers	Printf Ordering
	mixing with regular formats	Printf Ordering
	`sprintf()` function and	Round Function
	syntax of	Basic Printf
	printing	Printing
	list of options	Options
	mailing labels	Labels Program
	messages from extensions	Printing Messages
	unduplicated lines of text	Uniq Program
	user information	Id Program
	private variables	Library Names
	process group ID of `gawk` process	Auto-set
	process ID of `gawk` process	Auto-set
	processes, two-way communications with	Two-way I/O
	processing data	Basic High Level
	`PROCINFO` array	Auto-set
	`PROCINFO` array	Time Functions
	`PROCINFO` array	Passwd Functions
	communications via ptys and	Two-way I/O
	group membership and	Group Functions
	nonfatal output	Nonfatal
	not flushing pipe buffers	Noflush
	platform running on	Auto-set
	testing the field splitting	Passwd Functions
	user and group ID numbers and	Id Program
	values of `sorted_in`	Controlling Scanning
	profiler, interaction with namespaces	Namespace And Features
	profiling `awk` programs	Profiling
	dynamically	Profiling
	profiling, compiling `gawk` for	Performance bugs
	profiling, pretty printing, difference with	Profiling
	program identifiers	Auto-set
	program, definition of	Getting Started
	programming
	basic steps	Basic High Level
	concepts	Basic Concepts
	concepts	Basic Concepts
	programming conventions
	`--non-decimal-data` option	Nondecimal Data
	`ARGC`/`ARGV` variables	Auto-set
	`exit` statement	Exit Statement
	function parameters	Return Statement
	functions
	calling	Calling Built-in
	writing	Definition Syntax
	`gawk` extensions	Internal File Ops
	private variable names	Library Names
	programming language, recipe for	History
	programming languages
	Ada	Glossary
	data-driven vs. procedural	Getting Started
	Go	Other Versions
	Go	Other Versions
	Java	Glossary
	Proulx, Bob	Asking for help
	`pwcat` program	Passwd Functions

Q
	`q` debugger command (alias for `quit`)	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	QSE `awk`	Other Versions
	qualified name
	definition of	Qualified Names
	use of	Qualified Names
	Quanstrom, Erik	Alarm Program
	question mark (`?`)
	`?:` operator	Precedence
	regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	regexp operator	GNU Regexp Operators
	QuikTrim Awk	Other Versions
	`quit` debugger command	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	`QUIT` signal (MS-Windows)	Profiling
	quoting
	for small awk programs	Comments
	in `gawk` command lines	Long
	in `gawk` command lines	Other Arguments
	tricks for	Quoting

R
	`r` debugger command (alias for `run`)	Debugger Execution Control
	Rakitzis, Byron	History Sorting
	Ramey, Chet	Acknowledgments
	Ramey, Chet	General Data Types
	Ramming, J. Christopher	Other Versions
	`rand()` function	Numeric Functions
	random numbers
	Cliff	Cliff Random Function
	`rand()`/`srand()` functions	Numeric Functions
	seed of	Numeric Functions
	range expressions (regexps)	Bracket Expressions
	range patterns	Ranges
	line continuation and	Ranges
	Rankin, Pat	Acknowledgments
	Rankin, Pat	Assignment Ops
	Rankin, Pat	Contributors
	RapidJson JSON parser library	gawkextlib
	`reada()` extension function	Extension Sample Read write array
	readable data files, checking	File Checking
	`readable.awk` program	File Checking
	`readall()` extension function	Extension Sample Read write array
	`readdir` extension	Extension Sample Readdir
	`readfile()` extension function	Extension Sample Readfile
	`readfile()` user-defined function	Readfile Function
	reading input files	Reading Files
	`REALLY_USE_PERSIST_MALLOC` environment variable	Persistent Memory
	recipe for a programming language	History
	record separators	awk split records
	record separators	User-modified
	changing	awk split records
	newlines as	awk split records
	regular expressions as	awk split records
	with multiline records	Multiple Line
	records	Reading Files
	records	Basic High Level
	multiline	Multiple Line
	printing	Print
	splitting input into	Records
	terminating	awk split records
	treating files as	gawk split records
	recursive functions	Definition Syntax
	redirect `gawk` output, in debugger	Debugger Info
	redirection
	of input	Getline/File
	of output	Redirection
	on OpenVMS	OpenVMS Running
	reference counting, sorting arrays	Array Sorting Functions
	regexp	Regexp
	regexp constants	Regexp Usage
	regexp constants	Regexp Constants
	regexp constants	Comparison Operators
	`/=…/`
	`/=` operator and	Assignment Ops
	as patterns	Expression Patterns
	in `gawk`	Standard Regexp Constants
	slashes vs. double quotes	Computed Regexps
	vs. string constants	Computed Regexps
	regexps, empty	Regexp Operator Details
	register loadable extension	Registration Functions
	regular expressions	Regexp
	anchors in	Regexp Operator Details
	as field separators	Field Separators
	as field separators	Regexp Field Splitting
	as patterns	Regexp Usage
	as patterns	Regexp Patterns
	as record separators	awk split records
	case sensitivity	Case-sensitivity
	case sensitivity	User-modified
	computed	Computed Regexps
	dynamic	Computed Regexps
	with embedded newlines	Computed Regexps
	`gawk`, command-line options	GNU Regexp Operators
	interval expressions and	Options
	leftmost longest match	Leftmost Longest
	operators	Regexp Usage
	operators	Regexp Operators
	for buffers	GNU Regexp Operators
	for words	GNU Regexp Operators
	`gawk`	GNU Regexp Operators
	precedence of	Regexp Operator Details
	searching for	Egrep Program
	regular expressions, constants, See regexp constants
	relational operators, See comparison operators
	replace in string	String Functions
	retrying input	Retrying Input
	`return` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`return` statement, user-defined functions	Return Statement
	return value, `close()` function	Close Return Value
	`rev()` user-defined function	Function Example
	`revoutput` extension	Extension Sample Revout
	`revtwoway` extension	Extension Sample Rev2way
	`rewind()` user-defined function	Rewind Function
	right angle bracket (`>`)
	`>` operator	Comparison Operators
	`>` operator	Precedence
	`>` operator (I/O)	Redirection
	`>=` operator	Comparison Operators
	`>=` operator	Precedence
	`>>` operator (I/O)	Redirection
	`>>` operator (I/O)	Precedence
	right shift, bitwise	Bitwise Functions
	Ritchie, Dennis	Basic Data Typing
	`RLENGTH` variable	Auto-set
	`match()` function and	String Functions
	Robbins
	Arnold	Command Line Field Separator
	Arnold	Getline/Pipe
	Arnold	Passwd Functions
	Arnold	Alarm Program
	Arnold	General Data Types
	Arnold	Contributors
	Arnold	Maintainers
	Arnold	Future Extensions
	Bill	Getline/Pipe
	Harry	Acknowledgments
	Jean	Acknowledgments
	Malka	Internationalization
	Miriam	Acknowledgments
	Miriam	Getline/Pipe
	Miriam	Passwd Functions
	Rommel, Kai Uwe	Contributors
	round to nearest integer	Numeric Functions
	`round()` user-defined function	Round Function
	rounding numbers	Round Function
	`ROUNDMODE` variable	User-modified
	`ROUNDMODE` variable	Setting the rounding mode
	`RS` variable	awk split records
	`RS` variable	User-modified
	multiline records and	Multiple Line
	`rshift()` function (`gawk`)	Bitwise Functions
	`RSTART` variable	Auto-set
	`match()` function and	String Functions
	`RT` variable	awk split records
	`RT` variable	gawk split records
	`RT` variable	Multiple Line
	`RT` variable	Auto-set
	Rubin, Paul	History
	Rubin, Paul	Contributors
	rule, definition of	Getting Started
	`run` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	rvalues/lvalues	Assignment Ops

S
	`s` debugger command (alias for `step`)	Debugger Execution Control
	Sailor Moon, See Moon, Sailor
	sample debugging session	Sample Debugging Session
	sandbox mode	Options
	Saturday Night Live	Dynamic Typing
	save debugger options	Debugger Info
	scalar or array	Type Functions
	scalar values	Basic Data Typing
	scanning arrays	Scanning an Array
	scanning multidimensional arrays	Multiscanning
	Schorr, Andrew	Acknowledgments
	Schorr, Andrew	Auto-set
	Schorr, Andrew	Contributors
	Schreiber
	Bert	Acknowledgments
	Rita	Acknowledgments
	search and replace in strings	String Functions
	search for substring	String Functions
	search paths	Programs Exercises
	search paths	PC Using
	search paths	OpenVMS Running
	for loadable extensions	AWKLIBPATH Variable
	for source files	AWKPATH Variable
	for source files	Programs Exercises
	for source files	PC Using
	for source files	OpenVMS Running
	searching
	files for regular expressions	Egrep Program
	for words	Dupword Program
	`sed` utility	Full Line Fields
	`sed` utility	Simple Sed
	`sed` utility	Glossary
	seeding random number generator	Numeric Functions
	semicolon (`;`)
	`AWKPATH` variable and	PC Using
	separating rules	Statements/Lines
	separating statements in actions	Statements/Lines
	separating statements in actions	Action Overview
	separating statements in actions	Statements
	separators
	field	User-modified
	field	User-modified
	`FIELDWIDTHS` variable and	User-modified
	`FPAT` variable and	User-modified
	`FS` variable and	Default Field Splitting
	for records	awk split records
	for records	awk split records
	for records	User-modified
	regular expressions as	awk split records
	for statements in actions	Action Overview
	subscript	User-modified
	set breakpoint	Breakpoint Control
	`set` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	set directory of message catalogs	I18N Functions
	set watchpoint	Viewing And Changing Data
	shadowing of variable values	Definition Syntax
	shell function
	`gawklibpath_append`	Shell Startup Files
	`gawklibpath_default`	Shell Startup Files
	`gawklibpath_prepend`	Shell Startup Files
	`gawkpath_append`	Shell Startup Files
	`gawkpath_default`	Shell Startup Files
	`gawkpath_prepend`	Shell Startup Files
	shell quoting, rules for	Quoting
	shell quoting, rules for	Other Arguments
	shells
	piping commands into	Redirection
	quoting	Using Shell Variables
	rules for	Quoting
	scripts	One-shot
	sea	Undocumented
	variables	Using Shell Variables
	Sherman, Allan	Computer Arithmetic
	shift, bitwise	Bitwise Functions
	short-circuit operators	Boolean Ops
	show in debugger
	all source files	Debugger Info
	breakpoints	Debugger Info
	function arguments	Debugger Info
	local variables	Debugger Info
	name of current source file	Debugger Info
	watchpoints	Debugger Info
	`si` debugger command (alias for `stepi`)	Debugger Execution Control
	side effects	Concatenation
	side effects	Increment Ops
	side effects	Increment Ops
	array indexing	Reference to Elements
	`asort()` function	Array Sorting Functions
	`asorti()` function	Array Sorting Functions
	assignment expressions	Assignment Ops
	Boolean operators	Boolean Ops
	conditional expressions	Conditional Exp
	decrement/increment operators	Increment Ops
	`FILENAME` variable	Getline Notes
	function calls	Function Calls
	`gsub()` function	String Functions
	`match()` function	String Functions
	statements	Action Overview
	`sub()` function	String Functions
	sidebar
	A Constant’s Base Does Not Affect Its Value	Nondecimal-numbers
	A Note About Fuzzers	Bug definition
	Backreferences Are Not Supported	GNU Regexp Operators
	Backslash Before Regular Characters	Escape Sequences
	Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!	Bitwise Functions
	Carriage-Return–Line-Feed Line Endings In CSV Files	Comma Separated Fields
	Caveats When Using Regular Expressions for `RS`	gawk split records
	Changing `FS` Does Not Affect the Fields	Full Line Fields
	Changing `NR` and `FNR`	Auto-set
	Controlling Output Buffering with `system()`	I/O Functions
	Escape Sequences for Metacharacters	Escape Sequences
	`FS` and `IGNORECASE`	Field Splitting Summary
	Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering	I/O Functions
	Matching the Null String	String Functions
	Operator Evaluation Order	Increment Ops
	Piping into `sh`	Redirection
	Pre-POSIX `awk` Used `OFMT` for String Conversion	Strings And Numbers
	Quoting Shell Variables On The `awk` Command Line	Other Arguments
	Recipe for a Programming Language	History
	Rounding Modes and Conversion	Setting the rounding mode
	`RS = "\0"` Is Not Portable	gawk split records
	So Why Does `gawk` Have `BEGINFILE` and `ENDFILE`?	Filetrans Function
	Syntactic Ambiguities Between ‘`/=`’ and Regular Expressions	Assignment Ops
	Understanding ‘`#!`’	Executable Scripts
	Understanding `$0`	Changing Fields
	Using `\n` in Bracket Expressions of Dynamic Regexps	Computed Regexps
	What About The Empty Regexp?	Regexp Operator Details
	`SIGHUP` signal, for dynamic profiling	Profiling
	`SIGINT` signal (MS-Windows)	Profiling
	signals
	`HUP`/`SIGHUP`, for profiling	Profiling
	`INT`/`SIGINT` (MS-Windows)	Profiling
	`QUIT`/`SIGQUIT` (MS-Windows)	Profiling
	`USR1`/`SIGUSR1`, for profiling	Profiling
	signature program	Signature Program
	`SIGQUIT` signal (MS-Windows)	Profiling
	`SIGUSR1` signal, for dynamic profiling	Profiling
	`silent` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`sin()` function	Numeric Functions
	sine	Numeric Functions
	single quote (`'`)	One-shot
	in `gawk` command lines	Long
	in shell commands	Quoting
	vs. apostrophe	Comments
	with double quotes	Quoting
	single records, treating files as	gawk split records
	single-character fields	Single Character Fields
	single-precision	Computer Arithmetic
	single-step execution, in the debugger	Debugger Execution Control
	Skywalker, Luke	Undocumented
	`sleep` utility	Alarm Program
	`sleep()` extension function	Extension Sample Time
	Smith, Gavin	Acknowledgments
	Solaris, POSIX-compliant `awk`	Other Versions
	sort array	String Functions
	sort array indices	String Functions
	sort function, arrays, sorting	Array Sorting Functions
	`sort` utility	Word Sorting
	coprocesses and	Two-way I/O
	sorting characters in different languages	Explaining gettext
	source code
	`awka`	Other Versions
	`awkcc`	Other Versions
	`AWKgo`	Other Versions
	Brian Kernighan’s `awk`	Other Versions
	BusyBox Awk	Other Versions
	`cppawk`	Other Versions
	embeddable `awk` interpreter	Other Versions
	`frawk`	Other Versions
	`gawk`	Gawk Distribution
	`goawk`	Other Versions
	Illumos `awk`	Other Versions
	`jawk`	Other Versions
	libmawk	Other Versions
	`mawk`	Other Versions
	mixing	Options
	`pawk` (profiling version of Brian Kernighan’s `awk`)	Other Versions
	`pawk` (Python version)	Other Versions
	QSE `awk`	Other Versions
	QuikTrim Awk	Other Versions
	Solaris `awk`	Other Versions
	source file, show in debugger	Debugger Info
	source files, search path for	Programs Exercises
	sparse arrays	Array Intro
	Spencer, Henry	Glossary
	Spengler, Egon	Gory Details
	split string into array	String Functions
	`split` utility	Split Program
	`split.awk` program	Split Program
	`split()` function	String Functions
	array elements, deleting	Delete
	`sprintf()` function	OFMT
	`sprintf()` function	String Functions
	`print`/`printf` statements and	Round Function
	`sqrt()` function	Numeric Functions
	square brackets (`[]`), regexp operator	Regexp Operator Details
	square root	Numeric Functions
	`srand()` function	Numeric Functions
	stack frame (debugger)	Debugging Terms
	Stallman, Richard	Manual History
	Stallman, Richard	Acknowledgments
	Stallman, Richard	Contributors
	Stallman, Richard	Glossary
	standard error	Special FD
	standard input	Read Terminal
	standard input	Special FD
	standard output	Special FD
	starting the debugger	Debugger Invocation
	`stat()` extension function	Extension Sample File Functions
	statements
	compound, control statements and	Statements
	control, in actions	Statements
	multiple	Statements/Lines
	`step` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`stepi` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	stop automatic display, in debugger	Viewing And Changing Data
	`STR_CHAIN_MAX` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	stream editors	Full Line Fields
	stream editors	Simple Sed
	`strftime()` function (`gawk`)	Time Functions
	string
	constants	Scalar Constants
	vs. regexp constants	Computed Regexps
	extraction (internationalization)	String Extraction
	length	String Functions
	operators	Concatenation
	regular expression match of	String Functions
	string-manipulation functions	String Functions
	string-matching operators	Regexp Usage
	string-translation functions	I18N Functions
	strings
	continuation across lines	Scalar Constants
	converting	Strings And Numbers
	converting	Bitwise Functions
	numbers to	User-modified
	numbers to	User-modified
	converting letter case	String Functions
	empty	awk split records
	extracting	String Extraction
	for localization	Programmer i18n
	length limitations	Scalar Constants
	merging arrays into	Join Function
	null	Regexp Field Splitting
	numeric	Variable Typing
	splitting, example	String Functions
	`strptime()` extension function	Extension Sample Time
	`strtonum()` function (`gawk`)	String Functions
	`--non-decimal-data` option and	Nondecimal Data
	`sub()` function	Standard Regexp Constants
	`sub()` function	String Functions
	arguments of	String Functions
	escape processing	Gory Details
	subscript separators	User-modified
	subscripts in arrays
	multidimensional	Multidimensional
	scanning	Multiscanning
	numbers as	Numeric Array Subscripts
	uninitialized variables as	Uninitialized Subscripts
	`SUBSEP` variable	User-modified
	multidimensional arrays and	Multidimensional
	substitute in string	String Functions
	`substr()` function	String Functions
	substring	String Functions
	Sumner, Andrew	Other Versions
	supplementary groups of `gawk` process	Auto-set
	`switch` statement	Switch Statement
	`SYMTAB` array	Auto-set
	syntactic ambiguity: `/=` operator vs. `/=…/` regexp constant	Assignment Ops
	`system()` function	I/O Functions
	`systime()` function (`gawk`)	Time Functions

T
	`t` debugger command (alias for `tbreak`)	Breakpoint Control
	`tbreak` debugger command	Breakpoint Control
	Tcl	Library Names
	TCP/IP	TCP/IP Networking
	support for	Special Network
	`tee` utility	Tee Program
	`tee.awk` program	Tee Program
	temporary breakpoint	Breakpoint Control
	terminating records	awk split records
	`testbits.awk` program	Bitwise Functions
	`testext` extension	Extension Sample API Tests
	Texinfo	Conventions
	Texinfo	Library Functions
	Texinfo	Dupword Program
	Texinfo	Extract Program
	Texinfo	Distribution contents
	Texinfo	Adding Code
	chapter beginnings in files	Regexp Operator Details
	extracting programs from source files	Extract Program
	text, printing	Print
	unduplicated lines of	Uniq Program
	`TEXTDOMAIN` variable	User-modified
	`TEXTDOMAIN` variable	Programmer i18n
	`BEGIN` pattern and	Programmer i18n
	portability and	I18N Portability
	`textdomain()` function (C library)	Explaining gettext
	`TIDYMEM` environment variable	Other Environment Variables
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Regexp Usage
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Computed Regexps
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Case-sensitivity
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Regexp Constants
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Comparison Operators
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Comparison Operators
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Precedence
	tilde (`~`), `~` operator	Expression Patterns
	time
	alarm clock example program	Alarm Program
	localization and	Explaining gettext
	managing	Getlocaltime Function
	retrieving	Time Functions
	time functions	Time Functions
	timeout, reading input	Read Timeout
	timestamps	Time Functions
	timestamps	Time Functions
	converting dates to	Time Functions
	formatted	Getlocaltime Function
	`tocsv_rec()` user-defined function	To CSV Function
	`tocsv()` user-defined function	To CSV Function
	`tolower()` function	String Functions
	`toupper()` function	String Functions
	`tr` utility	Translate Program
	`trace` debugger command	Miscellaneous Debugger Commands
	trace, internal instructions	Options
	traceback, display in debugger	Execution Stack
	translate string	I18N Functions
	`translate.awk` program	Translate Program
	treating files, as single records	gawk split records
	troubleshooting
	`--non-decimal-data` option	Options
	`==` operator	Comparison Operators
	`awk` uses `FS` not `IFS`	Field Separators
	backslash before nonspecial character	Escape Sequences
	division	Arithmetic Ops
	double quotes with file names	Special FD
	fatal errors
	field widths, specifying	Fixed width data
	`printf` format strings	Format Modifiers
	`fflush()` function	I/O Functions
	function call syntax	Function Calls
	`gawk`	Compatibility Mode
	bug reports	Bugs
	fatal errors, function arguments	Calling Built-in
	`getline` function	File Checking
	`gsub()`/`sub()` functions	String Functions
	`match()` function	String Functions
	`print` statement, omitting commas	Print Examples
	printing	Redirection
	readable data files	File Checking
	regexp constants vs. string constants	Computed Regexps
	string concatenation	Concatenation
	`substr()` function	String Functions
	`system()` function	I/O Functions
	typographical errors, global variables	Options
	true, logical	Truth Values
	Trueman, David	History
	Trueman, David	Acknowledgments
	Trueman, David	Contributors
	trunc-mod operation	Arithmetic Ops
	truth values	Truth Values
	type
	conversion	Strings And Numbers
	of variable, `typeof()` function (`gawk`)	Type Functions
	`typeof()` function (`gawk`)	Type Functions
	`TZ` environment variable	Auto-set

U
	`u` debugger command (alias for `until`)	Debugger Execution Control
	unassigned array elements	Reference to Elements
	undefined functions	Function Caveats
	underscore (`_`)
	C macro	Explaining gettext
	in names of private variables	Library Names
	translatable strings	Programmer i18n
	`undisplay` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	undocumented features	Undocumented
	Unicode	Ordinal Functions
	Unicode	Ranges and Locales
	Unicode	Glossary
	uninitialized variables, as array subscripts	Uninitialized Subscripts
	`uniq` utility	Uniq Program
	`uniq.awk` program	Uniq Program
	Unix	Glossary
	`awk` scripts and	Executable Scripts
	Unix `awk`
	backslashes in escape sequences	Escape Sequences
	`close()` function and	Close Return Value
	password files, field separators and	Command Line Field Separator
	unsigned integers	Computer Arithmetic
	`until` debugger command	Debugger Execution Control
	`unwatch` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	`up` debugger command	Execution Stack
	uppercase names, namespace for	Default Namespace
	user database, reading	Passwd Functions
	user-defined
	function
	`_gr_init()`	Group Functions
	`_ord_init()`	Ordinal Functions
	`_pw_init()`	Passwd Functions
	`assert()`	Assert Function
	`beginfile()`	Filetrans Function
	`bits2str()`	Bitwise Functions
	`chr()`	Ordinal Functions
	`cliff_rand()`	Cliff Random Function
	`ctime()`	Function Example
	`endfile()`	Filetrans Function
	`endgrent()`	Group Functions
	`endpwent()`	Passwd Functions
	`getgrent()`	Group Functions
	`getgrent()`	Group Functions
	`getgrgid()`	Group Functions
	`getgrnam()`	Group Functions
	`getgruser()`	Group Functions
	`getlocaltime()`	Getlocaltime Function
	`getopt()`	Getopt Function
	`getopt()`	Getopt Function
	`getpwent()`	Passwd Functions
	`getpwent()`	Passwd Functions
	`getpwnam()`	Passwd Functions
	`getpwuid()`	Passwd Functions
	`isnumeric()`	Isnumeric Function
	`join()`	Join Function
	`ord()`	Ordinal Functions
	`readfile()`	Readfile Function
	`rev()`	Function Example
	`rewind()`	Rewind Function
	`round()`	Round Function
	`walk_array()`	Walking Arrays
	functions	User-defined
	counts, in a profile	Profiling
	variables	Variables
	user-modifiable variables	User-modified
	users, information about
	printing	Id Program
	retrieving	Passwd Functions
	`USR1` signal, for dynamic profiling	Profiling

V
	values
	numeric	Basic Data Typing
	regexp	Strong Regexp Constants
	string	Basic Data Typing
	variable assignments and input files	Other Arguments
	variable type, `typeof()` function (`gawk`)	Type Functions
	variables	Other Features
	variables	Basic Data Typing
	assigning on command line	Assignment Options
	built-in	Using Variables
	flag	Boolean Ops
	`getline` function into, using	Getline/Variable
	`getline` function into, using	Getline/Variable/File
	`getline` function into, using	Getline/Variable/Pipe
	`getline` function into, using	Getline/Variable/Coprocess
	global
	for library functions	Library Names
	printing list of	Options
	initializing	Using Variables
	local to a function	Variable Scope
	predefined	Built-in Variables
	`-v` option, setting with	Options
	conveying information	Auto-set
	private	Library Names
	setting	Options
	shadowing	Definition Syntax
	types of	Assignment Ops
	comparison expressions and	Typing and Comparison
	uninitialized, as array subscripts	Uninitialized Subscripts
	user-defined	Variables
	version of
	`gawk`	Auto-set
	`gawk` extension API	Auto-set
	GNU MP library	Auto-set
	GNU MPFR library	Auto-set
	vertical bar (`\|`)	Regexp Operator Details
	`\|` operator (I/O)	Getline/Pipe
	`\|` operator (I/O)	Precedence
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Getline/Coprocess
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Precedence
	`\|&` operator (I/O)	Two-way I/O
	`\|\|` operator	Boolean Ops
	`\|\|` operator	Precedence
	Vinschen, Corinna	Acknowledgments

W
	`w` debugger command (alias for `watch`)	Viewing And Changing Data
	`w` utility	Fixed width data
	`wait()` extension function	Extension Sample Fork
	`waitpid()` extension function	Extension Sample Fork
	`wak` (`awk` implementation)	Other Versions
	`walk_array()` user-defined function	Walking Arrays
	Wall, Larry	Array Intro
	Wall, Larry	Future Extensions
	Wallin, Anders	Contributors
	warnings, issuing	Options
	`watch` debugger command	Viewing And Changing Data
	watchpoint (debugger)	Debugging Terms
	watchpoints, show in debugger	Debugger Info
	`wc` utility	Wc Program
	`wc.awk` program	`wc` program
	Weinberger, Peter	History
	Weinberger, Peter	Contributors
	Weinberger, Peter	Other Versions
	`where` debugger command (alias for `backtrace`)	Execution Stack
	`while` statement	While Statement
	use of regexps in	Regexp Usage
	whitespace
	as field separators	Default Field Splitting
	definition of	Fields
	functions, calling	Calling Built-in
	newlines as	Options
	Williams, Kent	Contributors
	Woehlke, Matthew	Contributors
	Woods, John	Contributors
	word boundaries, matching	GNU Regexp Operators
	word-boundary operator (`gawk`)	GNU Regexp Operators
	word, regexp definition of	GNU Regexp Operators
	`wordfreq.awk` program	Word Sorting
	words
	counting	Wc Program
	duplicate, searching for	Dupword Program
	usage counts, generating	Word Sorting
	`writea()` extension function	Extension Sample Read write array
	`writeall()` extension function	Extension Sample Read write array

X
	`xgettext` utility	String Extraction
	XOR bitwise operation	Bitwise Functions
	`xor()` function (`gawk`)	Bitwise Functions

Y
	Yawitz, Efraim	Contributors

Z
	Zaretskii, Eli	Acknowledgments
	Zaretskii, Eli	Contributors
	Zaretskii, Eli	Maintainers
	`zerofile.awk` program	Empty Files
	Zoulas, Christos	Contributors

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