GNU `gettext` utilities

GNU `gettext` utilities

This manual documents the GNU gettext tools and the GNU libintl library, version 0.22.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
- 1.1 The Purpose of GNU gettext
- 1.2 I18n, L10n, and Such
- 1.3 Aspects in Native Language Support
- 1.4 Files Conveying Translations
- 1.5 Overview of GNU gettext
2 The User’s View
- 2.1 Operating System Installation
- 2.2 Setting the Locale Used by GUI Programs
- 2.3 Setting the Locale through Environment Variables
- 2.4 Obtaining good output in a Windows console
- 2.5 Installing Translations for Particular Programs
3 The Format of PO Files
4 Preparing Program Sources
- 4.1 Importing the gettext declaration
- 4.2 Triggering gettext Operations
- 4.3 Preparing Translatable Strings
- 4.4 How Marks Appear in Sources
- 4.5 Marking Translatable Strings
- 4.6 Special Comments preceding Keywords
- 4.7 Special Cases of Translatable Strings
- 4.8 Letting Users Report Translation Bugs
- 4.9 Marking Proper Names for Translation
- 4.10 Preparing Library Sources
5 Making the PO Template File
- 5.1 Invoking the xgettext Program
6 Creating a New PO File
- 6.1 Invoking the msginit Program
- 6.2 Filling in the Header Entry
7 Updating Existing PO Files
- 7.1 Invoking the msgmerge Program
8 Editing PO Files
- 8.1 KDE’s PO File Editor
- 8.2 GNOME’s PO File Editor
- 8.3 Emacs’s PO File Editor
- 8.4 Using Translation Compendia
  - 8.4.1 Creating Compendia
    - 8.4.1.1 Concatenate PO Files
    - 8.4.1.2 Extract a Message Subset from a PO File
  - 8.4.2 Using Compendia
    - 8.4.2.1 Initialize a New Translation File
    - 8.4.2.2 Update an Existing Translation File
9 Manipulating PO Files
- 9.1 Invoking the msgcat Program
- 9.2 Invoking the msgconv Program
- 9.3 Invoking the msggrep Program
- 9.4 Invoking the msgfilter Program
- 9.5 Invoking the msguniq Program
- 9.6 Invoking the msgcomm Program
- 9.7 Invoking the msgcmp Program
- 9.8 Invoking the msgattrib Program
- 9.9 Invoking the msgen Program
- 9.10 Invoking the msgexec Program
- 9.11 Highlighting parts of PO files
- 9.12 Other tools for manipulating PO files
- 9.13 Writing your own programs that process PO files
10 Producing Binary MO Files
- 10.1 Invoking the msgfmt Program
- 10.2 Invoking the msgunfmt Program
- 10.3 The Format of GNU MO Files
11 The Programmer’s View
- 11.1 About catgets
  - 11.1.1 The Interface
  - 11.1.2 Problems with the catgets Interface?!
- 11.2 About gettext
- 11.3 Comparing the Two Interfaces
- 11.4 Using libintl.a in own programs
- 11.5 Being a gettext grok
- 11.6 Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
12 The Translator’s View
- 12.1 Introduction 0
- 12.2 Introduction 1
- 12.3 Discussions
- 12.4 Organization
- 12.5 Information Flow
- 12.6 Translating plural forms
- 12.7 Prioritizing messages: How to determine which messages to translate first
13 The Maintainer’s View
- 13.1 Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures
- 13.2 Prerequisite Works
- 13.3 Invoking the gettextize Program
- 13.4 Files You Must Create or Alter
- 13.5 Autoconf macros for use in configure.ac
- 13.6 Integrating with Version Control Systems
- 13.7 Creating a Distribution Tarball
14 The Installer’s and Distributor’s View
15 Other Programming Languages
- 15.1 The Language Implementor’s View
- 15.2 The Programmer’s View
- 15.3 The Translator’s View
- 15.4 The Maintainer’s View
- 15.5 Individual Programming Languages
16 Other Data Formats
- 16.1 Internationalizable Data Formats
- 16.2 Localized Data Formats
17 Concluding Remarks
- 17.1 History of GNU gettext
- 17.2 Notes on the Free Translation Project
- 17.3 Related Readings
Appendix A Language Codes
- A.1 Usual Language Codes
- A.2 Rare Language Codes
Appendix B Country Codes
Appendix C Licenses
- C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
- C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
- C.3 GNU Free Documentation License
Program Index
Option Index
Variable Index
PO Mode Index
Autoconf Macro Index
General Index